新一代自由贸易协定中的安全例外条款:变化与中国因应  

Security Exception Clause in New Generation FTA:Changes and China’s Response

作　　者：黄琳琳 HUANG Linlin

机构地区：[1]上海立信会计金融学院,上海201209

出　　处：《国际商务研究》2024年第6期97-108,共12页International Business Research

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“中国特色自由贸易港国际法治研究”(项目编号:20&ZD205);上海市哲学社会科学规划课题“临港新片区对标国际高标准经贸规则实施高水平开放研究”(项目编号:2021EFX009)。

摘　　要：国际经贸规则中安全例外条款的设置缓解了贸易促进与国家安全之间的矛盾。随着国际形势的变化,尤其是新兴行业的出现,安全例外条款的适用范围引发了国际社会的讨论。WTO争端解决机制通过多次实践为安全例外条款的法律内涵做了界定,体现了法律的确定性。新一代自由贸易协定模糊了安全例外条款的适用边界,试图通过修改缔约方自裁决权的范围,纳入政府采购、基础设施等非传统安全内容以及增加程序性规定的方式扩大传统安全例外条款的适用范围。中国目前签署的自由贸易协定已经体现安全例外条款的重要性,并且有扩大安全例外条款适用范围的趋势。但相较于快速变化的国际形势,无论是文本的数量还是文本的内容都有待进一步的提升,未来在积极主动签订自由贸易协定的前提下,中国可适当扩大安全例外条款的适用范围,纳入基础设施安全等非传统安全的内容,但也应当对自裁决权范围进行分类限制。The establishment of security exception clause in international economic and trade rules has alleviated the contradiction between trade promotion and national security.However,with the change of international situation,especially the emergence of emerging industries,the scope of application of security exception clause has drawn popular attention and discussion from international community.The WTO dispute settlement mechanism has defined security exception clause through multiple practices,which reflects its legal certainty.However,the new generation of FTA has blurred the scope of application of security exception clause,attempting to expand the scope of application of traditional security exception clause and reconstruct security exception clause under the WTO by modifying the scope of the contracting party’s discretion,incorporating non-traditional security content such as government procurement and infrastructure,as well as adding procedural provisions.The importance of security exception clause has been recognized in the current FTAs signed by China,and there is a trend to expand the scope of application of security exception clause.However,compared with the rapidly changing international situation,both the quantity and content of the text still need to be further improved.In the future,under the premise of actively signing FTA,the scope of application of security exception clause can be appropriately expanded to include non-traditional security content such as infrastructure security.However,the scope of self-determination should also be classified and restricted.

关 键 词：安全例外条款 自由贸易协定 自裁决权 非传统安全 

分 类 号：D996[政治法律—经济法学]