先天性小耳畸形的病因学及临床听力特征分析  

The Etiology and Clinical Characteristics of Congenital Microtia

作　　者：张贤芬[1] 姚智群 邹晓燕 ZHANG Xian-fen;YAO Zhi-qun;ZOU Xiao-yan

机构地区：[1]烟台市烟台山医院新生儿听力筛查科,烟台264000

出　　处：《中国听力语言康复科学杂志》2024年第6期571-573,578,共4页Chinese Scientific Journal of Hearing and Speech Rehabilitation

摘　　要：目的探讨先天性小耳畸形发病的危险因素以及临床听力学特征。方法对2018~2024年我院儿童听力保健门诊就诊的50例先天性小耳畸形患儿及同期来院就诊的90例健听儿童的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果50例小耳畸形患儿中,54%为男性,60.9%的单侧畸形为右侧受累,70.4%小耳畸形伴外耳道狭窄或闭锁,82%为单发小耳畸形。50例小耳畸形患儿按照Marx分级:Ⅰ级7例,Ⅱ级15例,Ⅲ级28例;平均ABR气导阈值分别为Ⅰ级60.71±7.51 dB nHL、Ⅱ级75.33±2.56 dB nHL、Ⅲ级83.74±2.22 dB nHL,不同分级听力阈值存在显著差异。生活在矿区、孕期前3个月服用上感药物、孕期用药史、出生时低体重等发生小耳畸形的可能性更高。结论生活在矿区、孕期患病、孕期前3个月服用上感药物、孕期用药史、低体重儿等是小耳畸形的高风险因素;小耳畸形程度越重,听力损失越重。Objective To investigate the risk factors and clinical audiological characteristics of congenital microtia.Methods The clinical data of 50 children with congenital microtia and 90 children with normal hearing who came to our hospital from 2018 to 2024 were retrospectively analyzed.Results Among 50 children with microtia,54%were male,60.9%were involved on the right side,70.4%were accompanied by stenosis or atresia of the external auditory canal,and 82%were isolated microtia.According to Marx classification,50 children with microtia were classified into grade I(7 cases),grade II(15 cases),and grade III(28 cases).The average ABR airway threshold was 60.71±7.51 dB nHL for grade I,75.33±2.56 dB nHL for grade II and 83.74±2.22 dB nHL for grade III.There were significant differences among different grades of hearing threshold.Microtia is more likely to occur in people living in mining areas,taking medicine for flu in the first three months of pregnancy,taking drugs during pregnancy,and low birth weight.Conclusions Our study indicates that living in mining areas,pregnancy diseases,virus drugs in the first three months of pregnancy,drugs during pregnancy,and low birth weight are significant risk factors for microtia.The severer of congenital microtia,the higher of ABR air-conduction threshold.

关 键 词：小耳畸形 Marx分级 危险因素 听性脑干反应阈值 

分 类 号：R76[医药卫生—耳鼻咽喉科]