节瓜果肉叶绿素含量的主基因+多基因遗传分析  

Genetic Analysis of Major Gene and Polygene Inheritance of Chlorophyll Content in Chieh-qua Pulp

作　　者：高银 彭家柱 汪国平[2] 乔燕春 GAO Yin;PENG Jiazhu;WANG Guoping;QIAO Yanchun(Guangzhou Academy of Agricultural and Rural Sciences,Guangzhou 510335,China;College of Horticulture,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,China;Guangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guangzhou 510308,China)

机构地区：[1]广州市农业农村科学院,广东广州510335 [2]华南农业大学园艺学院,广东广州510642 [3]广州市农业科学研究院,广东广州510308

出　　处：《广东农业科学》2024年第9期111-118,共8页Guangdong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：广州市农业财政资金项目(23107180);广东省乡村振兴战略专项资金种业振兴行动项目(2024-NPY-01-003);广州市基础与应用基础研究项目(202201011716)。

摘　　要：【目的】对节瓜果肉叶绿素含量进行主基因+多基因遗传分析,研究果肉颜色与叶绿素含量的关系及遗传机理,为选育优质节瓜品种奠定基础。【方法】该研究利用节瓜自交系J16(白肉)和FJ5(绿肉)形成P_(1)、P_(2)、F_(1)、F_(2)4个世代群体,通过肉眼观察节瓜果肉颜色并测量其叶绿素含量,利用遗传模型分析软件包对果肉叶绿素含量进行遗传模型的分析,得出极大似然函数值和最小赤池信息量准则(AIC)值。随后选择3个AIC值最小的模型作为备用模型并进行适合性检验。最后计算出最优遗传模型的一、二阶遗传参数,并对主基因、多基因等遗传效应值进行分析。【结果】叶绿素含量是节瓜绿色果肉形成的关键因素,节瓜F_(1)代果肉颜色和叶绿素含量介于亲本之间且稍偏向于白肉亲本(P_(1)),F_(2)代果肉颜色和叶绿素含量表现为数量性状特征。果肉叶绿素含量最适遗传模型为MX2-ADI-ADI,即2对加性-显性-上位性主基因+加性-显性-上位性多基因模型。在一阶遗传参数中,2对主基因的加性效应绝对值之和(d_(a)+d_(b))大于2对显性效应绝对值之和(ha+hb),且d_(a)>d_(b),表明第1对主基因的负向加性效应为主。在上位性遗传效应中,以基因加性-加性互作正向效应为主。二阶遗传参数表明,主基因遗传方差为32.1590,多基因遗传方差为1.1540,同时主基因和多基因遗传率分别为93.69%和3.36%。【结论】节瓜果肉颜色性状的主基因遗传率均远大于多基因遗传率,以主基因遗传为主。因此,在节瓜果肉颜色育种过程中要重视利用主基因,可在早期世代进行选择以及采用组合育种的途径对节瓜进行改良。【Objective】A major gene and polygenes genetic analysis on the chlorophyll content in the pulp of cheih-qua was conducted to study the relationship and genetic mechanism between pulp color and chlorophyll content,with an aim to lay a found_(a)tion for the breeding of high-quality cheih-qua varieties.【Method】In the study,cheih-qua inbred lines J16(white pulp)and FJ5(green pulp)were used to form four generation populations,P_(1),P_(2),F_(1) and F_(2).The pulp color of the chieh-qua was observed by naked eye and the chlorophyll content was measured.The genetic model analysis software package was used to analyze the chlorophyll content of the pulp,and the maximum likelihood function value and AIC value were obtained.Then,the three models with the smallest AIC values were selected as alternate models and the suitability test was carried out.Finally,the first-and second-order genetic parameters of the optimal genetic model were calculated,and the genetic effect values of major genes and polygenes were analyzed.【Result】The results showed that chlorophyll content was the key factor in the formation of green pulp of the chieh-qua.The color and chlorophyll content of the F_(1) generation were between the parents and slightly inclined to the white pulp parents(P_(1)),and the color and chlorophyll content of the F_(2) generation showed quantitative characteristics.The optimal genetic model for chlorophyll content in the pulp was MX2-ADI-ADI,that is,2 pairs of additive-dominant-epistatic major gene+additive-dominant-epistatic polygene models.In the first-order genetic parameters,the sum of absolute additive effects(d_(a)+d_(b))of the two major genes was greater than the sum of absolute dominant effects(ha+hb),and d_(a)>d_(b),indicated that the negative additive effect of the first major gene was dominant.In epistatic genetic effects,gene additive-additive interactions were the main positive effects.The second-order genetic parameters indicated that the genetic variance of the major gene was 32.1590,the genetic vari

关 键 词：节瓜 果肉颜色 叶绿素含量 遗传模型 主基因 遗传分析 

分 类 号：S642.9[农业科学—蔬菜学]