早期美国共和主义政治中的族裔因素与公民身份建构——以1799年弗里斯叛乱为例  

Ethnic Factors and the Construction of Citizenship in Early American Republican Politics

作　　者：韩宇[1] 陈帆 Yu Han;Fan Chen

机构地区：[1]厦门大学历史与文化遗产学院,厦门361005

出　　处：《世界民族》2024年第5期81-91,共11页Journal of World Peoples Studies

摘　　要：在早期美国的共和主义政治中,族裔因素发挥重要作用。受英国政治传统以及殖民地实践的影响,英裔将文化同化作为政治同化的先导,试图通过文化教育等手段改造其他欧洲移民的族裔因素。然而,德裔希望在保持族裔因素的前提下拥有与英裔平等的政治权利,英裔和德裔的矛盾最终引发了弗里斯叛乱。随着英裔意识到族裔因素和公民身份建构的内在冲突,英裔对德裔的族裔偏见有所转变,弗里斯叛乱间接推动美国社会在承认族裔多元性的基础上建构公民身份,使得“连字符公民”现象在19世纪中叶以后的美国广为流传。但是,文化同化与政治同化的次序始终服务于现实政治需求,族裔因素从未真正淡出美国的公民身份建构过程。Ethnic factors played an important part in the early republican politics of the United States.Influenced by British political tradition and colonial practice,the British Americans took cultural assimilation as the forerunner of political assimilation and tried to transform the ethnic factors of other European immigrants through cultural education and other means.On the contrary,the German Americans wanted to share political power equally with the British Americans while maintaining their ethnic traits,which eventually led to the Fries's Rebellion.As the British Americans became aware of the inherent conflict between ethnic factors and the construction of citizenship,the ethnic prejudice held by the British Americans against the German Americans changed.In part,the Fries's Rebellion pushed the American society to construct citizenship based on recognition of ethnic diversity,leading to the emergence of"hyphenated citizenship"among other European immigrants in the mid-19"century.However,cultural assimilation and political assimilation have always served the realistic political needs,and ethnic factors have never really faded from the process of citizenship construction in the United States.

关 键 词：弗里斯叛乱 德商 族裔因素 公民身份建构 共和主义政治 

分 类 号：K712.42[历史地理—历史学] D771.2[历史地理—世界史]