戊型肝炎病毒核酸血液筛查的研究进展  

Research Progress on Nucleic Acid Blood Screening for Hepatitis E Virus

作　　者：万文俊 周海卫[1] 李曼郁 张河战[1] Wan Wenjun;Zhou Haiwei;Li Manyu;Zhang Hezhan(National Institutes for Food and Drug Control,NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Medical Devices,NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of In Vitro Diagnostics Reagents,Beijing 100050,China)

机构地区：[1]中国食品药品检定研究院,国家药品监督管理局医疗器械质量研究与评价重点实验室,国家药品监督管理局体外诊断试剂质量研究与评价重点实验室,北京100050

出　　处：《中国药事》2024年第10期1205-1212,共8页Chinese Pharmaceutical Affairs

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(编号2021YFC2400904)。

摘　　要：戊型肝炎是一种戊型肝炎病毒(Hepatitis E Virus,HEV)感染后以肝脏损伤为主的急性传染病,主要经粪-口传播,好发于青壮年及中老年人,在孕妇及免疫抑制人群中危害较大。据世界卫生组织(World Health Organization,WHO)统计,全球每年约有2000万人感染HEV,其中约330万患者出现戊型肝炎症状。近期,通过血源传播而感染HEV的病例受到了广泛关注。经研究发现在全世界的无症状献血者中仅有0.013%~0.281%存在HEV病毒血症,但HEV在非常低的病毒血液浓度下同样具有传染性,并且迄今无特异的治疗药物和方法,所以对献血者进行HEV筛查是必要的。目前HEV筛查政策只在少数国家实施,包括普遍筛查和选择性筛查。而对献血者提供的血液,尚没有明确规定检测HEV感染的标志物。本综述主要通过对比国内外HEV的核酸血液筛查情况探讨其研究进展及必要性。Hepatitis E Virus(HEV)is an acute infectious disease mainly characterized by liver damage.It is mainly transmitted through fecal-oral route,which usually occurs in young adults,middle-aged and elderly people.HEV can lead to more severe consequences in pregnant women and immunocompromised people.According to the World Health Organization(WHO),20 million people worldwide are infected with HEV each year,of which about 3.3 million patients develop hepatitis E symptoms.Recently,HEV infection through blood transfusion has received attention worldwide.HEV is found in 0.013%to 0.281%of asymptomatic blood donors worldwide,but HEV is also infectious at very low viral blood concentrations and there are currently no specific drugs for treatment.Therefore,for blood donors,it is necessary to screen their HEV RNA.Currently,HEV screening policies are implemented in only a few countries,including universal and selective screening.There are no clear markers for detecting HEV infection in blood donors.This review mainly discusses the research progress and necessity of HEV nucleic acid blood screening by comparing the current situation at home and abroad.

关 键 词：戊型肝炎 核酸血液筛查 血清阳性率 献血员 

分 类 号：R95[医药卫生—药学]