科学模型的“虚构论”及其“自然选择”的衍生机制--一种历史主义的解决方案  

The"Fiction Theory"of Scientific Models and the Derivative Mechanism of "Natural Selection":APossible Solution of Historicism

作　　者：叶立国 YE Liguo(School of Marxism,China University of Petroleum,Qingdao,Shandong,266580)

机构地区：[1]中国石油大学(华东)马克思主义学院,山东青岛266580

出　　处：《自然辩证法通讯》2024年第10期17-25,共9页Journal of Dialectics of Nature

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“生态学范式争论的哲学研究”(项目编号:16ZDA112);中央高校基本科研业务经费项目“系统科学范式研究”(项目编号:20CX04007B)。

摘　　要：基于范·弗拉森经验论视角,在“自然选择”方法论下尝试构建一种以“描述历史演化”为首要目标的科学模型虚构论,从而为解决虚构论与相似论或同构论之间的争论提供一种可行方案。变革传统的“模型与对象”二元关系为“模型、经验与对象”三元关系是经验论的模型虚构论得以可能的逻辑前提。科学史上几乎所有科学模型都始于科学家头脑中的虚构或想象,“遗传”与“变异”是科学模型演化的重要机制,渗透着理论范式的“经验”发挥着选择科学模型的功能。任何科学模型自诞生起就面临激烈竞争,只有在经验层面获得成功的模型才能幸存下来,因此,自然选择驱动下虚构的科学模型越发走向成功并非奇迹,而是逻辑必然的结果。Based on van Frassen's view of empiricism,the paper attempted to construct a fictional theory of scientific model with the primary goal of"describing"historical evolution under the methodology of"natural selection",thus providing a feasible solution to the debate between fictionalism and similarity or isomorphism.The transformation from the traditional duality of"model and object"to the ternary relation of"model,experience and object"is the logical premise which make the fictional theory of scientific model in empiricism possible.In the history of science,almost all scientific models originated from fiction or imagination in the minds of scientists.Heredity and variation are important mechanisms for evolution of scientific models,while"experience"'which is permeated with theoretical paradigms plays a role in selecting scientific models.Any scientific model has faced with fierce competition from its birth,and only those that achieve success on the level of experience can survive.Therefore,the success of fictional scientific models driven by natural selection is not a miracle,but a logical inevitability.

关 键 词：科学模型 虚构论 经验论 自然选择 历史主义 

分 类 号：B017[哲学宗教—哲学理论] N031[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]