北京市2016—2022年5岁以下户籍儿童先天异常死亡监测分析  

Analysis of deaths from congenital malformations among children under 5 years old in Beijing,2016-2022

作　　者：陈笑征 李一辰[1] CHEN Xiaozheng;LI Yichen(Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital,Capital Medical University,Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital,Beijing 100026,China)

机构地区：[1]首都医科大学附属北京妇产医院/北京妇幼保健院儿童保健科,100026

出　　处：《中国生育健康杂志》2024年第6期542-546,560,共6页Chinese Journal of Reproductive Health

摘　　要：目的分析北京市5岁以下儿童先天异常死亡资料,探究2016—2022年5岁以下儿童先天异常死亡变化趋势。方法收集2016—2022年北京市户籍儿童死亡资料,分析先天异常死亡率、死因构成比、年龄及地区分布情况。结果(1)2016—2022年全市5岁以下户籍儿童先天异常死亡率下降显著(P<0.01),由62.3/10万(2016年)降至34.8/10万(2022年),降幅达44.1%。先天性心脏病、神经管畸形、其他先天异常死亡率均显著下降(P<0.05),而先天愚型降幅不显著(P>0.05)。全市5岁以下户籍儿童先天异常死亡构成比由23.4%(2016年)降至18.1%(2022年),下降趋势显著(P<0.05)。(2)不同疾病死亡率变化存在城郊差异。先天性心脏病死亡率城市、远郊均显著下降(P<0.01),神经管畸形死亡率仅远郊呈显著下降趋势(P<0.05),其他先天异常仅城市呈显著下降趋势(P<0.05)。(3)先天异常导致死亡发生在新生儿期的比例持续下降,不同先天异常疾病的死亡年龄分布特征存在差异。结论北京市出生缺陷三级预防工作取得显著成效,但仍存在城郊差异。可根据不同先天异常疾病的发生原因、城郊差异及死亡年龄特点,在不同时期(如孕前、孕中及儿童生后)、不同地区采取更加针对性的措施,以进一步降低儿童先天异常死亡率。Objective To analyze the data of congenital abnormal deaths among children under 5 years old,explore the trend of congenital abnormal deaths from 2016 to 2022.Methods We collect data of child mortality from 2016 to 2022,and analyze the congenital abnormal deaths rate、proportion、age and regional distribution.Results(1)From 2016(62.3/105)to 2022(34.8/105),the mortality rate of congenital malformations among children under 5 years old in Beijing was significantly decreased—a decrease of 44.1 percent(P<0.01).The mortality rates of congenital heart disease,neural tube defects,and other congenital malformation were significantly decreased(P<0.05),while the mortality rate of Down′s synfrome was not decreased(P>0.05).The proportion of congenital malformations death among children under 5 years old in Beijing was significantly decreased from 23.4%(2016)to 18.1%(2022)(P<0.05).(2)There are differences in mortality rates among different diseases between urban and suburban areas.The mortality rate of congenital heart disease was significantly decreased in both urban and rural areas(P<0.01),while the mortality rate of neural tube defects was only decreased in rural area(P<0.05),the mortality rate of other congenital malformations was only decreased in urban area(P<0.05).(3)The proportion of deaths caused by congenital abnormalities in the neonatal period continues to decrease,and there are differences in the age distribution characteristics of deaths among different congenital abnormalities.Conclusion The three-level prevention of birth defects in Beijing has achieved significant results,but there are still differences between urban and suburban areas.More targeted measures can be taken in different periods(such as before pregnancy,during pregnancy,and after birth)and regions based on the causes of different congenital abnormalities,differences in suburban areas,and characteristics of age of death,in order to further reduce the mortality rate of congenital abnormalities in children.

关 键 词：先天异常 儿童 死亡 城乡 

分 类 号：R17[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]