豆禾间行混播对草地生产性能与土壤养分的影响  

Effects of Intercropping Mixture of Legume and Grass on Grassland Production Performance and Soil Nutrients

作　　者：许莹月 侯钰荣[1] 王静 周晨烨 孙宗玖[2] 朝木力嘎 柯梅[1] 王玉祥 XU Yingyue;HOU Yurong;WANG Jing;ZHOU Chenye;SUN Zongjiu;Chaomuliga;KE Mei;WANG Yuxiang(Grassland Research Institute of Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science,Urumqi 830000,China;College of Grassland Science,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆畜牧科学院草业研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830000 [2]新疆农业大学草业学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《中国草地学报》2024年第10期75-86,共12页Chinese Journal of Grassland

基　　金：混播草地有机碳库创新团队项目(2022D14013);新疆维吾尔自治区现代农业产业技术体系—优质饲草产业技术体系(XJARS-13);农业生物育种重大项目(2022ZD040110405)。

摘　　要：为筛选适宜北疆地区的牧草混播种植模式,在农业部旱生牧草原种基地(新疆呼图壁县)设置豆科-禾本科间行混播试验。豆科-禾本科混播比例分别为:1∶1、1∶2、1∶3、2∶1、3∶1,共5个处理,以单播紫花苜蓿和单播冰草为对照。研究混播比例对牧草营养品质、土壤养分及草地生物量的影响,利用灰色关联度和主成分分析进行综合评价。结果表明:(1)豆禾比为1∶1时,在一定程度上弱化了种间竞争,且草地生物量较高,可达12.63 t/hm^(2),高于两种单播处理;(2)豆禾比为1∶1时牧草的粗蛋白含量、粗脂肪含量和相对饲喂价值较高,分别为16.90%、1.77%和104.52%,酸性洗涤纤维含量最低,为35.01%,可溶性糖最高,为4.86%,营养价值综合评价高于两种单播处理;(3)土壤养分含量与混播比例之间具有一定相关性,在豆禾比为1∶2时,与单播紫花苜蓿和单播冰草相比,更有利于土壤养分的积累。综合评价表明,在追求高产量和高牧草营养品质时,豆禾比为1∶1是最佳混播组合;而豆禾比为1∶2则更有利于土壤养分的积累。To determine the optimal planting pattern for mixed forage in northern Xinjiang,an inter⁃cropping mixture experiment was conducted at the Xinjiang Xerophytic Grassland Seed Base of the Ministry of Agriculture(Hutubi County,Xinjiang).Seeding ratios of 1∶1,1∶2,1∶3,2∶1,and 3∶1 were applied for fabaceae and gramineae and monoculture of Medicago sativa(MX)and Agropyron cristatum(BC)were two controls.The study examined the effects of different sowing ratios of mixture on forage nutrient qual⁃ity,soil nutrient levels,and grassland biomass.The overall advantage was assessed by principal compo⁃nent analysis and gray correlation analysis.The results showed that(1)When the ratio of fabaceae/gra⁃mineae was 1∶1,there was a little reduction in interspecific competition and a larger forage biomass yield,12.63 t/hm²compared to monoculture.(2)The mixture of 1∶1 ratio increased crude protein content,crude fat content,and relative feeding value by 16.00%,1.77%,and 104.52,respectively.Also with at least 35.01%of ADF content and at most 4.86%of soluble sugar concentration,the 1∶1 mixture ratio per⁃formed better in thorough evaluation of nutritional value compared to two monocultures.(3)A particular correlation was noted between the soil nutrient content and the ratio of mixed sowing.With a mixture ratio of 1∶2,the total nitrogen and potassium contents in the soil were 1.17 g/kg and 13.38 g/kg,respectively.Intercropping contributed more to soli nutrient accumulation compared to monocultures.The comprehen⁃sive benefit evaluation indicated that 1∶1 is recommended for high forage yield and high forage nutrition quality,whereas 1∶2 is more proper for the accumulation of soil nutrients.

关 键 词：草地生物量 牧草营养品质 土壤养分 间行混播 

分 类 号：S812[农业科学—草业科学]