牧民收入提高是否依赖于超载?  

Does the Increase in Herdsmen's Income Depend on Overgrazing?

作　　者：苏敏 李淑慧 万珏林 张一然 乌日力嘎 徐吉超 新巴音 丁勇[1,4] SU Min;LI Shuhui;WAN Juelin;ZHANG Yiran;Wuriliga;XU Jichao;XIN Bayin;DING Yong(Institute of Grassland Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hohhot 010010,China;Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;College of Grassland Science,Qingdao Agricultural University,Qingdao 266109,China;Grassland Workstation in Xilinhot City,Xilinhot 026000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院草原研究所,内蒙古呼和浩特010010 [2]中国农业科学院研究生院,北京100081 [3]青岛农业大学草业学院,山东青岛266109 [4]锡林浩特市草原工作站,内蒙古锡林郭勒026000

出　　处：《中国草地学报》2024年第10期99-111,共13页Chinese Journal of Grassland

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(72074213);内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(2023KYPT0006);中国农业科学院北方农牧业技术创新中心项目(BFGJ2022009);锡林郭勒盟科技计划项目(202109)。

摘　　要：本研究利用内蒙古锡林郭勒盟正镶白旗、镶黄旗、苏尼特左旗、苏尼特右旗、东乌珠穆沁旗和锡林浩特市6个旗市的381户入户调查数据,分析不同旗(市)、不同规模牧户超载率和经营性收入,解析超载率与牧户主要属性特征间的关系,探讨超载与牧户收入之间的关联路径,解答牧户超载的内在动因。结果表明:牧户收入主要来自畜牧业经营性收入,占牧户总收入的84.40%~90.09%;小规模牧户(标准草地面积<35.4 hm^(2))超载比率为84.30%,平均超载76.88%,显著高于中规模(标准草地面积35.4~106.5 hm^(2))和大规模(标准草地面积>106.5 hm^(2))牧户,中规模和大规模牧户的超载比率为64.85%和45.26%,分别超载18.81%和2.46%;相关分析表明,超载率与牧户经营性收入显著正相关。综上所述,小规模牧户为超载主体,其收入提高强烈依赖超载,通过超载行为可达到接近中规模牧户经营性总收入水平,中规模和大规模牧户收入提高主要依赖承包草地面积。鉴于此,提出目前实施的草原生态保护补助奖励政策应重点关注小规模牧户的收入,以降低其超载风险为出发点,重塑补奖政策机制,重构补奖标准格局。The study used the household survey data from six banners(Plain and Bordered White Ban⁃ner,Bordered Yellow Banner,Sonid Left Banner,Sonid Right Banner,East Ujimuqin Banner and Xilin⁃hot City)in XilinGol League,Inner Mongolia,with a total of 381 households,to analyzed the overgrazing rates and operating income of herdsmen in different banner/city and scales,to elucidate the relationship between overgrazing rates and the main attributes features of herdsmen,to explore the linkage path between overgrazing and herdsmen's income,and to answer the intrinsic motivations of herdsmen for over⁃grazing.The results showed that the income of herdsmen mainly came from animal husbandry,accounting for 84.40%-90.09%of the operating income of herdsmen in each region.The overgrazing rate of smallscale herdsmen(Standard grassland area less than 35.4 hm^(2))was 84.30%,and the average overgrazing rate was 76.88%,which was significantly higher than that of medium-scale herdsmen(Standard grassland area between 35.4 and 106.5 hm^(2))and large-scale herdsmen(Standard grassland area more than 106.5 hm^(2)).The overgrazing rate of medium-scale and large-scale herdsmen was 64.85%and 45.26%,with overgraz⁃ing rate of 18.81%and 2.46%,respectively.The overgrazing rate was significantly positively correlated with the operating income of herdsmen.Overall,small-scale herdsmen were the main body of overgrazing,and their income was strongly dependent on overgrazing,through overgrazing,they can reach a level close to the total operating income of medium-scale herdsmen.The increase of medium-scale and large-scale pasto⁃ral herdsmen's income mainly depended on contracted grassland area.In view of this,it was proposed that the current implementation of grassland ecological protection subsidy and reward policy should focus on the income of small-scale herdsmen,in order to reduce their overgrazing risk as the starting point,reshape the subsidy policy mechanism,and reconstruct the subsidy standard pattern.

关 键 词：草原补奖政策 超载行为 家庭收入 恩格尔系数 

分 类 号：F307.3[经济管理—产业经济]