锡尾矿资源综合利用研究进展  

Research Progress on Comprehensive Utilization of Tin Tailings Resources

作　　者：柳彦昊 韩彬[1,3] 宋强 童雄[1,2] 谢贤 LIU Yanhao;HAN Bin;SONG Qiang;TONG Xiong;XIE Xian(Faculty of Land Resources Engineering,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650093,China;National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Green Comprehensive Utilization of Metal Mine Tailings Resources,Kunming 650093,China;Yunnan Hualian Zinc&Indium Co.,Ltd.,Wenshan 663701,Yunnan,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明理工大学国土资源工程学院,昆明650093 [2]金属矿尾矿资源绿色综合利用国家地方联合工程研究中心,昆明650093 [3]云南华联锌铟股份有限公司,云南文山663701

出　　处：《有色金属（选矿部分）》2024年第10期1-11,共11页Nonferrous Metals（Mineral Processing Section）

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52174252);云南省重大科技计划项目(2202AG050010)。

摘　　要：锡是我国极少数具有战略地位的稀有金属,然而锡资源大总量的开发和综合利用的技术局限,致使锡矿资源日益匮乏、有用成分大量损失、尾矿量逐年增加,尾矿不仅占用大量土地,还会对周围环境造成污染,因此,尾矿资源绿色综合利用对保障我国锡矿产资源安全具有重大意义。重点介绍了国内外锡尾矿资源的现状和特点,提出了锡尾矿二次选矿的关键是解决硫化矿物、铁锰矿物、矿泥对微细粒锡石和共伴生有价组分综合回收的影响;从二次利用工艺的特点和案例两方面总结了锡尾矿综合利用的研究现状,目前锡尾矿二次利用主要包括重选、磁选、浮选、选冶联合等选矿方式回收有价金属、将尾矿作为建材或者采矿填充物进行整体利用以及把含锡废石作为一种特殊的尾矿进行预富集等方向;重点总结了锡石浮选过程常见的捕收剂和调整剂,并对其作用机理和应用特点进行归纳,结合当前研究现状提出未来需加强对微细粒锡石的回收研究、加强对锡石选矿新型重选设备的研究、加强浮选过程中绿色药剂的设计与合成以及加强新型浮选设备的研发。最后基于对当前尾矿综合利用的研究热点对未来的发展趋势进行了展望,以期对锡尾矿绿色高效利用提供参考。Tin is one of the few rare metals with important strategic position in our country,but the technical limitations of the comprehensive utilization have led to the increasing scarcity of tin ore resources,the large loss rate of useful components,and the increase in the amount of tailings over the years.Tailings not only occupy a lot of land,but also pollute the surrounding environment.Therefore,it has great significance of the green utilization of tin tailings resources to ensure the safety of tin mineral resources in China.In this paper,the current situation and characteristics of tin tailings resources at home and abroad was introduced.It was summarized that the key of secondary beneficiation of tin tailings is to solve the influence of sulfide minerals,iron and manganese minerals and slime on comprehensive recovery of fine cassiterite and co-associated valuable components.Meanwhile,the technological characteristics and cases of tin tailings research status are also summarized.At present,the main methods to re-use tin tailings include recovery valuable metals by gravity separation,magnetic separation,flotation,and combined beneficiation and metallurgy,used tailings as building materials or mining fillings as a whole,and treated waste stone containing tin as a special tailings to pre-concentrated.The common collectors and regulators of cassiterite flotation and their action mechanism were summarized.The researches which should be strengthen in the future were proposed,including enhancing the recovery of fine cassiterite,enhancing the new gravity separation equipment of cassiterite separation,enhancing the development of new green reagents,and enhancing development of new flotation equipment.The future development trend based on the research hot topic was proposed,with a view to providing reference for the green and efficient utilization of tin tailings.

关 键 词：锡尾矿 综合利用 选矿工艺 研究进展 

分 类 号：TD982[矿业工程—选矿]