不同施肥处理对谷子光合指标及产量性状的影响  

Effects of Different Fertilization Application on Photosynthetic Ability and Yield Traits of Foxtail Millet

作　　者：赵富阳[1] 闫锋[1] 董扬[1] 侯晓敏 李清泉[1] 王占宇 朱越影 刘聪 ZHAO Fuyang;YAN Feng;DONG Yang;HOU Xiaomin;LI Qingquan;WANG Zhanyu;ZHU Yueying;LIU Cong(Qiqihar Branch,Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Scicnccs,Qiqihar 161006,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省农业科学院齐齐哈尔分院,黑龙江齐齐哈尔161006

出　　处：《黑龙江农业科学》2024年第11期7-12,共6页Heilongjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：齐齐哈尔市科技计划创新激励项目(CNYGG-2023028,CNYGG-2023025)。

摘　　要：为了提升谷子产量和品质,采用大田试验并测定不同施肥量条件下谷子叶片的光合指标及产量构成因素,通过隶属函数公式计算综合评价值对各施肥处理进行综合评价。结果表明,施肥后谷子叶片的净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度均比对照处理有所增加,胞间二氧化碳浓度基本上呈减少趋势,各处理间在各指标上均具有显著性差异且以N 3P 1K 2处理最优;产量随着无机肥施入量的增加出现先上升后下降的动态趋势,N 3P 1K 2处理下谷子穗粗、穗长、穗重、穗粒重、千粒重以及产量均高于其他处理,其净光合速率较未施肥处理提升42.06%,蒸腾速率提升105.91%,气孔导度提升87.04%,胞间CO 2浓度降低29.37%,产量提升31.03%。正交分析得出,N对产量影响最大,K 2O次之,P 2O 5的影响作用最小。综上,氮肥施用量为225 kg·hm^(-2),磷肥施用量为50 kg·hm^(-2),钾肥施用量为60 kg·hm^(-2)时,谷子的光合能力较高,产量较为理想。In order to improve the yield and quality of millet,this study used field experiments to determine the photosynthetic indicators and yield components of foxtail millet leaves under different fertilization conditions.Fuzzy membership functions were used to comprehensively evaluate each fertilization treatment.The results showed that after fertilization applied,the ability photosynthetic,the rate of transpiration,and the conductance of stomatal of foxtail millet leaves increased compared to the CK treatment,but the concentration of carbon dioxide of intercellular basically decreased.And there were significant differences in various indicators among the treatments,all the results of indicators of N 3P 1K 2 treatment owned the best values;As fertilizer increased,there was a dynamic trend of first increasing and then decreasing the yield indicators showed.Under the N 3P 1K 2 treatment,the ear diameter,ear length,ear weight,ear grain weight,thousand grain weight,and yield were all higher than other treatments.The net photosynthetic rate increased by 42.06%compared to the unfertilized treatment,transpiration rate increased by 105.91%,stomatal conductance increased by 87.04%,and intercellular CO 2 concentration decreased by 29.37%.The yield was 31.03%higher than the non fertilized treatment.Orthogonal analysis shows that N has the greatest impact on yield,followed by K 2O,and P 2O 5 has the smallest influencing factor.In summary,when the nitrogen fertilizer application rate is 225 kg·ha-1,the phosphorus fertilizer application rate is 50 kg·ha-1,and the potassium fertilizer application rate is 60 kg·ha-1,the photosynthetic capacity of foxtail millet is higher and the yield is more ideal.

关 键 词：谷子 氮、磷、钾配施比例 光合指标 净光合速率 产量构成指标 综合评价 

分 类 号：S515[农业科学—作物学]