黑龙江南瓮河国家级自然保护区植物多样性和群落结构特征调查与分析  

Investigation and Analysis of Plant Diversity and Community Structure Characteristics in Heilongjiang Nanwenghe National Nature Reserve

作　　者：张喜亭 张建宇 王文杰 ZHANG Xiting;ZHANG Jianyu;WANG Wenjie(School of Life Science,Leshan Normal University,Leshan 614000,China;Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology of Ministry of Education,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040,China;College of Forestry and Biotechnology,Zhejiang A&F University,Hangzhou 311300,China)

机构地区：[1]乐山师范学院生命科学学院,四川乐山614000 [2]东北林业大学森林植物生态学教育部重点实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨150040 [3]浙江农林大学林业与生物技术学院,浙江杭州311300

出　　处：《黑龙江农业科学》2024年第11期44-50,共7页Heilongjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：乐山师范学院高层次人才引进科研启动项目(RC2023018);中央高校基本科研业务费专项(2572018AA19)

摘　　要：探究森林个体、群落特征与植物多样性之间存在的耦合关系,有利于通过林分结构调整提高植物多样性。选择黑龙江南瓮河国家级自然保护区的森林群落作为研究对象,调查该区域29块乔木样方、145块灌木、草本和更新层样方植物个体大小和乔、灌、草本群落特征,记录植物科属种特征并计算植物多样性和均匀度参数特征,揭示该区域植物多样性与群落结构特征的耦合关系。结果表明,(1)乔木层主要树种是落叶松(Larix gmelinii),相对多度为62.70%,其次为白桦(Betula platyphylla);灌木则以越橘(Vaccinium vitis-idaea)相对多度最高,达到79.26%;草本以小叶章(Deyeuxia angustifolia)相对多度最大,达到17.02%;更新层主要树种是白桦,相对多度为81.75%。(2)黑龙江南瓮河国家级自然保护区内乔木层平均树高为14.55 m,平均胸径为15.22 cm,平均郁闭度为0.72,平均密度为0.13株·m-2。灌木层平均树高为0.71 m,地径为1.01 cm,盖度为23.92%,密度为15.22株·m-2。草本层高度为43.02 cm,盖度为60.59%。更新层平均高度为1.76 m,平均地径为1.16 cm,平均密度为0.08株·m-2。(3)冗余分析结果表明,黑龙江南瓮河国家级自然保护区灌木密度与植物多样性变化关系最紧密。根据以上结果提出应该从个体特征和灌木保护指标着手,协同保护、提升生物多样性和维持良好林分结构等林分管理意见。In order to explore the coupling relationship between individual and community characteristics of forest and plant diversity is helpful for the protection of plant diversity.Based on this,by using Heilongjiang Nanwenghe National Nature Reserve,we investigated total 29 plots for trees,145 plots for shrub and regeneration layers and 145 plots for herb layer,and detailed recorded the individual size and their community traits,and all species names for the calculation of plant diversity indices.All these data were used for finding their basic features of the forests and decoupling their associations.The results showed that:(1)Larix gmelinii was the main tree species in Nanwenghe,with a relative abundance of 62.70%,followed by Betula platyphylla.The proportion of lingonberry(Vaccinium vitis-idaea)was the highest among shrubs,reaching 79.26%.Deyeuxia angustifolia accounted for the largest proportion among herbs,reaching 17.02%.The main tree species in the regeneration layer was Betula platyphylla(81.75%).(2)The average tree height of the arbor layer was 14.55 m,the average diameter at breast height was 15.22 cm,the average canopy density was 0.72,and the average tree density was 1300 trees·ha-1.Shrub height averaged at 0.71 m,ground diameter averaged at 1.01 cm,the shrub coverage averaged at 23.92%,and shrub density averaged at 15.22 plants·m-2.The average height of herb layer was 43.02 cm and their coverage was 60.59%.The average height of regeneration trees was 1.76 m,the average ground diameter was 1.16 cm,and the average seedling density was 0.08 plants·m-2.(3)Redundancy analysis showed that shrub density gave the most significant explaining power for the plant diversity variations.Based on the above results,reasonable forest management suggestions should start with individual characteristics and shrub protection indicators,which will help to coordinate the protection and promotion of biodiversity and maintain a good stand structure.

关 键 词：黑龙江南瓮河国家级自然保护区 植物多样性 林分群落结构 耦合关系 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]