三种促生细菌对人参及其根际微生态结构和功能的影响  

Effects of Three Types of Growth-Promoting Bacteria on Growth and Rhizosphere Bacterial Population of Ginseng

作　　者：王秋宇 王越 牛福傲 韩丹 南力[1] WANG Qiuyu;WANG Yue;NIU Fuao;HAN Dan;NAN Li(College of Agriculture,Yanbian University,Yanji 133002,China)

机构地区：[1]延边大学农学院,吉林延吉133002

出　　处：《黑龙江农业科学》2024年第11期59-71,共13页Heilongjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：吉林省科技厅项目(20230402028GH);延边州科技发展计划项目(492023018)。

摘　　要：为促进大田栽参土壤改良,并开发功能性微生物菌肥,以3种促生细菌[欧文氏菌属(Erwinia)G115、苍白杆菌属(Ochrobactrum)G119和赖氨酸芽孢杆菌属(Lysinibacillus)G209]分别处理大田栽参土壤,对人参根际细菌群体组成结构、土壤理化性质及人参幼苗的生长状态进行测定,研究根际促生细菌对人参的促生效应和对根际微生物群落及功能的影响。结果表明,促生细菌处理人参幼苗与对照组相比,根际土壤有机质、总氮、pH和叶干重变化不大,有效磷、速效钾、蔗糖酶、根际土壤脲酶和根鲜重有显著差异。3种促生细菌处理与对照组相比,包括变形菌门(Proteobacteria),放线菌门(Actinobacteria)等8个菌门人参根际细菌门水平相对丰度大于1%,其中变形菌门是主要优势菌门。3种促生细菌处理对人参根际细菌属水平影响较大,其中,根瘤菌属(Rhizobium)是促生细菌处理后与对照差异显著且丰度大于1%的共有菌属,所有丰度大于1%的属促生细菌处理后其增加的相对丰度比例均在120%以上。通过PICRUSt软件预测3种促生细菌处理后人参根际细菌功能,获得一级功能层6个方面的生物代谢功能,二级功能层35种预测功能,三级功能层33种预测功能,与对照组相比,外源促生细菌处理可改变人参根际细菌多方面的功能,且改变功能的效果是双向的,既有增加的效果,也有降低的效果。说明外源促生细菌处理可改变人参根际细菌群落的遗传多样性,显著增加根系分泌物和细菌感受信号等功能。In order to promote soil improvement of ginseng fields and development of functional microbial fertilizer,three kinds of plant growth-promoting bacteria(Erwinia G115,Ochrobactrum G119 and Lysinibacillus G209)were used to treat the soil of ginseng fields.The composition structure of ginseng rhizosphere bacterial population,soil physical and chemical properties and the growth status of ginseng seedlings were measured to study the growth-promoting effect of rhizosphere growth-promoting bacteria on ginseng and its effect on rhizosphere microbial community and function.The results indicated that compared to the control group,the treatments with growth-promoting bacteria on ginseng seedlings showed insignificant changes in rhizosphere soil organic matter,total nitrogen,pH,and leaf dry weight,whereas there were significant differences observed in available phosphorus,available potassium,invertase,rhizosphere soil urease,and root fresh weight.Compared with the control group,the treatments with the three growth-promoting bacteria revealed that the relative abundance of eight bacterial phyla in the ginseng rhizosphere,including Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria,exceeded 1%at the phylum level.Among these,Proteobacteria was the dominant phylum.The three growth-promoting bacteria treatments had a significant impact on the genus level of bacteria in the ginseng rhizosphere.Specifically,Rhizobium was a common genus that showed significant differences and an abundance greater than 1%after treatment with growth-promoting bacteria compared to the control.For all genera with an abundance greater than 1%,the relative abundance proportion increased by more than 120%after treatment with the growth-promoting bacteria.By using PICRUSt software,the functional profiles of bacterial communities in the ginseng rhizosphere after treatment with the three growth-promoting bacteria were predicted,yielding six categories of biological metabolic functions at the Level 1 functional layer,35 predicted functions at the Level 2 functional layer,and 3

关 键 词：人参 促生细菌 根际细菌 群体结构 功能预测 

分 类 号：S567.51[农业科学—中草药栽培] S154.3[农业科学—作物学]