测土配方施肥技术在哈尔滨市发展历程及现状  

Development History and Current Status Analysis of Soil Testing and Formulated Fertilization Technology in Harbin City

作　　者：魏紫薇 武嘉文 王崇生 韩阳 肖珩 许志伟 WEI Ziwei;WU Jiawen;WANG Chongsheng;HAN Yang;XIAO Heng;XU Zhiwei(Harbin Agricultural Technology Promotion Master Station,Harbin 150029,China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨市农业技术推广总站,黑龙江哈尔滨150029

出　　处：《黑龙江农业科学》2024年第11期76-83,共8页Heilongjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：2021年黑龙江省耕地保护与质量提升项目(KX20210901)。

摘　　要：为进一步推广测土配方施肥技术,实现农业的绿色可持续发展,通过查阅历史资料、工作方案和试验数据等,将测土配方施肥技术在哈尔滨市的发展历程归纳为探索尝试、奠定基础,建设体系、初具雏形,全面启动、迅速发展,大力推广、整建推进,重心调整、绿色发展,科学施肥、推广“三新”六个阶段。从开创科学施肥工作新局面、促进粮食高产稳产、保护农业生态环境和提高农民科学施肥意识等方面总结哈尔滨市测土配方施肥技术取得的成果。2014-2023年累计开展农户调查92727户,采集化验土壤样品132319个,基本摸清了哈尔滨市耕地土壤理化性状,编制了地力评价类书籍7本,县域耕地土壤养分状况专题报告11本,制作发放施肥建议卡132580份,发布施肥配方14514个,使哈尔滨市施肥配比更加合理,在减少施肥量的同时保证了粮食产量。目前哈尔滨市测土配方施肥技术发展仍存在基层化验室难以完成化验任务、推荐施肥指标体系有待更新、推广力度应持续加强、基层技术人员不足等方面的问题,并展望了测土配方施肥工作的前景,应更注重于探索多元化科学施肥、加强农技推广部门与科研单位合作、理论与创新相结合、推动大型合作社及肥料企业的交流合作等。In order to further promote the technology of soil testing and formula fertilization and achieve green and sustainable agricultural development,the development history of this technology in Harbin City was summarized into six stages.Exploration and trial,laying a foundation.Establishing a system and taking initial shape.Full launch and rapid development.Vigorous promotion and overall advancement.Adjustment of focus and green development.And scientific fertilization and promotion of“three new”technologies.The achievement s of soil testing and formula fertilization technology in Harbin City were summarized from the aspects of creating a new situation in scientific fertilization work,promoting high and stable grain production,saving costs and increasing efficiency,protecting the agricultural ecological environment,and improving farmers awareness of scientific fertilization.From 2014 to 2023,a total of 92727 household surveys were carried out,and 132319 soil samples were collected and tested,which basically clarified the physical and chemical properties of the arable land soil in Harbin City.Seven books on soil fertility evaluation,11 special reports on the status of soil nutrients in county-level arable land,132580 fertilization recommendation cards were made and distributed,and 14514 fertilization formulas were released,making the fertilization ratio in Harbin City more reasonable.While reducing the amount of fertilizer,it ensured the grain output.At present,there were still some problems in the development of soil testing and formula fertilization technology in Harbin City,such as the difficulty of grassroots testing rooms to complete the testing tasks,the need to update the recommended fertilization index system,the need to continue to strengthen the promotion,and the lack of grassroots technical personnel.The prospects of soil testing and formula fertilization work in Harbin City are also prospected,which should pay more attention to exploring diversified scientific fertilization,strengthening the cooperatio

关 键 词：测土配方施肥 土壤质量指标 推荐配方 农业技术推广 科学施肥 

分 类 号：S147[农业科学—肥料学]