深部采煤深孔爆破技术防控强矿震机制研究  

Prevention and control mechanism of deep-hole blasting in deep mining

作　　者：张全 邹俊鹏 吴坤波 焦玉勇 蒋宇静[2] 王超 闫宪洋 HANG Quan;ZOU Junpeng;WU Kunbo;JIAO Yuyong;JIANG Yujing;WANG Chao;YAN Xianyang(Faculty of Engineering,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China;Graduate School of Engineering,Nagasaki University,Nagasaki 8528521,Japan;Yanzhou Coal Industry Company Limited,Jining 273500,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(武汉)工程学院,湖北武汉430074 [2]长崎大学工学研究科,长崎8528051 [3]兖矿能源集团股份有限公司,山东济宁273500

出　　处：《岩土工程学报》2024年第11期2439-2449,共11页Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering

基　　金：湖北省自然科学基金杰出青年项目(2023AFA045);国家自然科学基金面上项目(42177152);国家自然科学基金重大科研仪器研制项目(42227805);国家公派出国留学基金项目(202206410027)。

摘　　要：中国华东、东北、华北大部分煤矿已进入600 m以下深度开采,矿震等动力灾害屡有发生,严重制约了煤矿安全、绿色、高效生产。针对中国深部煤矿厚硬顶板下开采矿震频发问题,以东滩煤矿为例,采用现场监测、理论分析和数值模拟等方法,详细阐述了深孔爆破顶板卸压前后强矿震空间分布特征,研究了深孔爆破技术预裂顶板机制、对采动中覆岩活动影响及防控矿震的效果。研究发现深孔爆破技术可有效弱化或断裂上覆厚硬岩层,释放上覆岩层积聚的应变能,减少大能量矿震的风险。基于爆炸荷载作用下岩石破坏区理论分析计算出了深孔爆破岩石破碎区、裂隙区和有效破坏范围,并结合工作面支架阻力监测,发现深孔爆破技术可主动调控矿山压力,避免了强矿压显现。建立了含四次深孔爆破的煤层开采全过程数值模型,分析了深孔爆破前后覆岩应力及位移演化特征,揭示了深孔爆破对采动中覆岩活动影响机制。深孔爆破断顶卸压技术能够有效弱化煤层顶板、降低顶板来压强度、增大覆岩的碎胀系数,能够用于防控深部采煤强矿震的发生。Most of the coal mines in East China,Northeast China and North China have been mined below 600 m in depth,and dynamic disasters such as mine earthquakes have occurred frequently,which have seriously restricted the safety,green and efficient production of coal mines.In view of the frequent occurrence of mine earthquakes under thick and hard roofs in deep coal mines in China,this study takes Dongtan coal mine as an example,and uses the methods of field monitoring,theoretical analysis and numerical simulation to elaborate the effects of deep-hole blasting roof pressure relief on the prevention and control of mine earthquakes,the pre-cracking mechanism and the influences on the overburden activities during mining process.It is found that the deep-hole blasting technology can effectively weaken the thick and hard overlying strata,release the strain energy accumulated in the overlying strata,and reduce the risk of large energy mine earthquakes.Based on the theoretical analysis of rock failure zone under explosion loads,the rock fracture zone,fracture zone and effective failure range of deep-hole blasting are calculated.Combined with the monitoring of working face support,the deep-hole blasting technology can actively regulate the mine pressure and avoid the appearance of strong mine pressure.The numerical simulation model for the whole process of coal seam mining with four deep-hole blastings is established,and the evolution characteristics of stress and displacement of overburden before and after blasting are analyzed.In addition,the influence mechanism of the deep-hole blasting on the overburden activity during mining is revealed.The pressure relief technology of broken roof by the deep-hole blasting can effectively weaken the thick and hard roof above the coal seam,reduce the compressive strength of thick and hard roof and increase the coefficient of crushing and swelling of overburden,which can be used to prevent and control the occurrence of strong mine earthquakes in deep mining.

关 键 词：矿震 深孔爆破 厚硬顶板 岩石破坏区 支架阻力 数值模拟 

分 类 号：TU432[建筑科学—岩土工程]