铝工业危废铝灰的高效处置新技术  

New Technology of Efficient Disposal of Aluminum Ash in Aluminum Industry

作　　者：余剑 闫飞飞 潘锋[2] 杜占 YU Jian;YAN Feifei;PAN Feng;DU Zhan(Chinalco Environmental Protection and Energy Saving Group Co.,Ltd.,Xiongan 071700,China;Institute of Process Engineering,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100089,China)

机构地区：[1]中铝环保节能集团有限公司,河北雄安071700 [2]中国科学院过程工程研究所,北京100089

出　　处：《绿色矿冶》2024年第5期25-33,共9页Sustainable Mining and Metallurgy

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(编号22078326)。

摘　　要：针对当前铝工业中危废铝灰处置所面临的能耗高、效率低等突出问题,通过工艺和技术创新,在热力学分析的基础上提出采用磨细、微波场、惰性大颗粒辅助强化等新型处置技术,分别以氯气、氯化硅、氯气-氯化硅为氯化剂,研发了5条铝灰高效氯化加工新工艺(以氯气为氯化剂的铝灰高效利用方法,以氯气为氯化剂的二次铝灰高值化利用方法,以氯气为氯化剂的铝灰高效制备氮化铝方法,以氯化硅为氯化剂的铝灰高效制备氟化铝方法,以氯气-氯化硅为氯化剂的铝灰制备氟化铝方法)。这5种工艺可有效提升了铝灰的资源利用率、处置效率,实现铝灰深度高值化利用(制备氮化铝、氟化铝),具有显著的经济效益和社会效益。Aiming at the prominent problems of high energy consumption and low efficiency in the disposal of hazardous waste aluminum ash in the aluminum industry,through process and technological innovation,based on thermodynamic analysis,new disposal technologies such as grinding,microwave field and inert large particle assisted strengthening were proposed.Chlorine,silicon chloride and chlorine-silicon chloride were used as chlorinating agents,respectively.Five new processes for efficient chlorination of aluminum ash were developed(a method for efficient utilization of aluminum ash with chlorine as chlorinating agent,a method for high-value utilization of secondary aluminum ash with chlorine as chlorinating agent,a method for efficient preparation of aluminum nitride with aluminum ash with chlorine as chlorinating agent,a method for efficient preparation of aluminum fluoride with aluminum ash with silicon chloride as chlorinating agent,a method for preparation of aluminum fluoride with aluminum ash with chlorine-silicon chloride as chlorinating agent).These five processes can effectively improve the resource utilization rate and disposal efficiency of aluminum ash,and realize the deep high-value utilization of aluminum ash(preparation of aluminum nitride and aluminum fluoride),which has significant economic and social benefits.

关 键 词：铝灰资源化 铝灰无害化 氯化 氯气 氯化硅 高效处置 氮化铝 氟化铝 

分 类 号：TF821[冶金工程—有色金属冶金] X75[环境科学与工程—环境工程]