Formation of Tianwen-1 landing crater and mechanical properties of Martian soil near the landing site  

作　　者：Xinshuo Chen Zhaobin Zhang Juan Li Shouding Li Tao Xu Bo Zheng Xiukuo Sun Yanfang Wu Yiming Diao Xiao Li 

机构地区：[1]Key Laboratory of Shale Gas and Geoengineering,Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China [2]Innovation Academy for Earth Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China [3]College of Earth and Planetary Sciences,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China [4]Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics,Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China [5]School of Mathematics,North University of China,Taiyuan 030051,China

出　　处：《International Journal of Mining Science and Technology》2024年第9期1293-1303,共11页矿业科学技术学报（英文版）

基　　金：supported by the Key Research Program of the Institute of Geology and Geophysics,CAS(Nos.IGGCAS-202102 and IGGCAS-201904);the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42230111);the CAS Key Technology Talent Program。

摘　　要：After landing in the Utopia Planitia,Tianwen-1 formed the deepest landing crater on Mars,approximately 40 cm deep,exposing precious information about the mechanical properties of Martian soil.We established numerical models for the plume-surface interaction(PSI)and the crater formation based on Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD)methods and the erosion model modified from Roberts’Theory.Comparative studies of cases were conducted with different nozzle heights and soil mechanical properties.The increase in cohesion and internal friction angle leads to a decrease in erosion rate and maximum crater depth,with the cohesion having a greater impact.The influence of the nozzle height is not clear,as it interacts with the position of the Shock Diamond to jointly control the erosion process.Furthermore,we categorized the evolution of landing craters into the dispersive and the concentrated erosion modes based on the morphological characteristics.Finally,we estimated the upper limits of the Martian soil’s mechanical properties near Tianwen-1 landing site,with the cohesion ranging from 2612 to 2042 Pa and internal friction angle from 25°to 41°.

关 键 词：Tianwen-1 Plume-surface interaction Landing crater formation Martian soil mechanical properties Numerical simulation 

分 类 号：V476.4[航空宇航科学与技术—飞行器设计] P185.3[天文地球—天文学]