单位实施纯正自然人犯罪行为的处理——基于单位犯罪主体性质的思考  

Handling of the Behavior of a Pure Crime by a Natural Person Committed by a Unit——Thinking Based on the Nature of the Subject of Crime Committed by a Unit

作　　者：王志祥[1] 吴超莹 WANG Zhixiang;WU Chaoying(Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学,北京100875

出　　处：《北京警察学院学报》2024年第5期16-25,共10页Journal of Beijing Police College

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“形式理性与实质理性的关系在刑法学中的展开研究”(项目编号:21BFX009)。

摘　　要：对单位实施纯正自然人犯罪行为的处理,在理论界和实务界中存在不同的观点。形式理性强调处罚合法性与罪刑法定主义的坚守,实质理性则重视处罚合理性与法益保护原则的贯彻。争议焦点在于实施单位行为的单位成员能否绕过单位直接对单位行为承担刑事责任。单位犯罪的主体是单位,单位成员是单位的组成部分。单位成员具有自然人属性和单位成员属性。当且仅当某自然人基于其单位成员属性为单位利益实施某行为时,该行为及其后果才可归于单位。对自然人属性与单位成员属性的区分应当从主观和客观两个方面入手。当某人基于自然人属性利用单位实施纯正自然人犯罪行为时,应当根据间接正犯理论直接追究其刑事责任,单位不承担刑事责任;当某人基于单位成员属性为单位利益实施纯正自然人犯罪行为时,则不能追究单位和单位成员的刑事责任。There are different views on the handling of the behavior of a pure crime by a natural person committed by a unit both theoretically and practically.Based on formal rationality and substantive rationality,there may be different conclusions about the handling of this behavior.Formal rationality emphasizes the adherence to the legality of punishment and the doctrine of a legally prescribed punishment for a specified crime,while substantive rationality emphasizes the implementation of the rationality of punishment and the principle of the protection of legal interests.The controversial focus of these views lies in whether or not the members of the unit who implement the unit's behavior can bypass the unit and directly bear criminal responsibility for the unit's behavior.Therefore,it is necessary to distinguish the nature of the subject of the crimes committed by a unit.There are various viewpoints on this issue theoretically.The subject of the crimes committed by a unit is the unit,and its members are components of the unit.Unit’s members have attributes of both natural person and unit’s members.Only when a natural person performs an act for the benefit of the unit and based on its membership can the act and its consequences be attributed to the unit.The distinction between attributes of natural person and those of unit’s member should be made from both subjective and objective aspects.When a person uses a unit to commit an act of a pure crime by a natural person and based on the nature of a natural person,he or she should be directly investigated for criminal responsibility according to the indirect principal offender theory,and the unit should not bear criminal responsibility.When someone commits an act of a pure crime by a natural person pure for the benefit of the unit and based on the attribute of the unit’s member,the unit and its members cannot be held criminally responsible.

关 键 词：单位犯罪 形式理性 实质理性 主体性质 自然人属性 单位成员属性 

分 类 号：D924.3[政治法律—刑法学]