外源褪黑素对软质小麦籽粒灌浆特性及淀粉品质的影响  

Effects of Exogenous Melatonin Spray on Grain Filling Characteristics and Starch Quality of Soft Wheat

作　　者：葛子菲 毕新铜 杨洋 冯健超 马冬云 谢迎新 王晨阳 GE Zifei;BI Xintong;YANG Yang;FENG Jianchao;MA Dongyun;XIE Yingxin;WANG Chenyang(College of Agronomy,Henan Agricultural University/National Engineering Research Center for Wheat/Technology Innovation Center of Henan Wheat,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou,Henan 450046,China)

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学农学院/国家小麦工程技术研究中心/河南农业大学河南省小麦技术创新中心,河南郑州450046

出　　处：《麦类作物学报》2024年第11期1448-1455,共8页Journal of Triticeae Crops

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD2300801)。

摘　　要：为了解外源褪黑素对小麦籽粒产量和品质的影响,以两个软质小麦品种郑麦825和豫农901为供试材料,在齐穗期喷施不同浓度的外源褪黑素(0、50、100μmol·L^(-1)),比较分析不同浓度外源褪黑素处理后软质小麦籽粒灌浆特性及淀粉组分和理化性质的差异。结果表明,喷施外源褪黑素可提高籽粒灌浆速率峰值,延长灌浆活跃期,促进籽粒中干物质的积累,最终提高千粒重及产量。喷施褪黑素后,小麦籽粒的总淀粉含量、支链淀粉含量、支直比以及大淀粉粒体积、表面积百分比均呈下降趋势,而直链淀粉含量则呈上升趋势。淀粉晶体特性不受外源褪黑素的影响,并呈现典型的A型特征。随着褪黑素浓度的增加,淀粉相对结晶度呈先升后降的变化趋势;淀粉峰值黏度、谷值黏度、最终黏度、崩解值、回生值在豫农901中呈下降的趋势,在郑麦825中则呈先降后升的趋势。喷施50和100μmol·L^(-1)褪黑素均能显著改善软质小麦籽粒灌浆特性和淀粉理化特性,且褪黑素浓度为100μmol·L^(-1)时增产显著。To study the effects of exogenous melatonin on grain-filling characteristics,starch composition and physicochemical properties of wheat,using two soft wheat varieties Zhengmai 825 and Yunong 901 as materials,different concentrations of exogenous melatonin(0,50,and 100μmol·L^(-1))were sprayed at the full ear stage.The results showed that exogenous melatonin spraying increased the peak rate of grain filling,prolonged the active filling period,promoted the accumulation of dry matter in the grain,and ultimately increased the 1000-grain weight and yield.The total starch content,amylopectin content,the ratio of amylopectin to amylose,the percentage of the volume and surface area distribution of large starch granules in wheat grains showed a decreasing trend after melatonin spraying treatment,while amylose content showed an increasing trend.The crystal properties of starch were not affected by exogenous melatonin,showing typical A-type characteristics.With the increase of melatonin concentration,the relative crystallinity of starch increased first and then decreased.The peak viscosity,trough viscosity,final viscosity,breakdown value and setback value of starch decreased in Yunong 901,but decreased first and then increased in Zhengmai 825.Both 50 and 100μmol·L^(-1) melatonin significantly improved grain filling and starch physicochemical properties of soft wheat,and the yield increase was more significant at 100μmol·L^(-1) melatonin concentration.

关 键 词：褪黑素 小麦 灌浆特性 淀粉组分 理化特性 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S331