播量对超晚播冬小麦基部节间性状、机械强度及倒伏率的影响  

Influence of Sowing Rate on the Basal Internode Traits,Mechanical Strength,and Lodging Rate of Ultra Late Sown Winter Wheat

作　　者：田文强 张强斌 王泓懿 孙刚刚 聂凌帆 张君 连世昊 张金汕[1] 石书兵[1] TIAN Wenqiang;ZHANG Qiangbin;WANG Hongyi;SUN Ganggang;NIE Lingfan;ZHANG Jun;LIAN Shihao;ZHANG Jinshan;SHI Shubing(College of Agriculture,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830052,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学农学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《麦类作物学报》2024年第11期1482-1494,共13页Journal of Triticeae Crops

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发任务专项(2021B02002-1)。

摘　　要：为探究北疆超晚播栽培方式下小麦基部节间结构特点及播期和播量的最佳组合,以新冬18号为试验材料,设D1(10月25日)、D2(11月4日)、D3(11月14日)3个超晚播期及M1(7.50×10^(6)粒·hm^(-2))、M2(1.00×10^(7)粒·hm^(-2))、M3(1.25×10^(7)粒·hm^(-2))、M4(1.50×10^(7)粒·hm^(-2))4个播量,选择当地适宜播期和播量(9月25日、6.00×10^(6)粒·hm^(-2))为对照(CK),分析了播期和播量对开花期、乳熟期及蜡熟期超晚播小麦基部节间形态结构、3种力学特征及倒伏率的影响。结果表明,小麦开花后抗倒伏性能逐渐降低。与CK相比,超晚播小麦基部节间长度、直径、壁厚、干物质量、茎粗系数、充实度、压碎力、穿刺力及抗折力均减少,表观倒伏率、倒伏级别增加,抗倒伏能力降低。在超晚播条件下,播量相同时,基部节间长度表现为D1>D2>D3,基部节间直径和干物质量表现为D1>D3>D2,田间表观倒伏率和节间壁厚、茎粗系数、充实度以及3种力学指标均表现为D3>D1>D2;播期相同时,增加播量后,基部节间长度、直径、壁厚、干物质量、茎粗系数、充实度、压碎力、穿刺力及抗折力均减少,表观倒伏率、倒伏级别增加;播期与播量对各项指标均不存在互作效应。加大播量后,收获穗数增加,有利于超晚播小麦产量形成。本试验条件下,经综合抗倒伏相关指标和产量考虑,11月4日播种1.00×10^(7)粒·hm^(-2)是北疆超晚播小麦适宜的播期与播量组合。To explore the characteristics of internode structure at the basal of wheat under ultra late sowing cultivation in northern Xinjiang,and to clarify the combination of sowing date and sowing amount for lodging resistance,Xindong 18 was used as the experimental material,and three ultra late sowing dates were set up:D1(October 25th),D2(November 4th),D3(November 14th),and four sowing rates were set up:M1(7.50×10^(6) seeds·hm^(-2)),M2(1.00×10^(7) seeds·hm^(-2)),M3(1.25×10^(7) seeds·hm^(-2)),M4(1.50×10^(7) seeds·hm^(-2)).The local suitable sowing date and sowing rate(September 25th,6.00×10^(6) seeds·hm^(-2))was used as control(CK).The results showed that after flowering,the lodging resistance of wheat gradually decreased,and the basal internodes also gradually decreased from bottom to top,with consistent changes in the 1st,2nd,and 3rd internodes.Compared with CK,the basal internode length,diameter,wall thickness,dry matter weight,stem thickness coefficient,plumpness,crushing force,puncture force,and bending resistance of ultra late sown wheat all decreased.The apparent lodging rate and lodging level increased,and the lodging resistance decreased.Under ultra late sowing conditions,with the same sowing amount,the length of the basal internode ranked as D1>D2>D3;the diameter and dry matter weight of the basal internode ranked as D1>D3>D2,and the field apparent lodging rate,internode wall thickness,stem diameter coefficient,plumpness,and three mechanical indicators all ranked as D3>D1>D2.At the same sowing date,increasing the sowing amount resulted in a decrease in the length,diameter,wall thickness,dry matter weight,stem thickness coefficient,plumpness,crushing force,puncture force,and bending resistance of the basal internodes,while the apparent lodging rate and lodging level increased.There was no interaction between sowing date and sowing rate on various indicators.Increasing the sowing amount and increasing the number of harvested ears could avoid a serious decrease in grain number and thousand-grain weight,

关 键 词：播期 播量 超晚播 冬小麦 基部节间 倒伏 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S311