股东失权的制度定位与规则适用——以新《公司法》第52条为中心  

The System Orientation and Rule Application of Shareholder Disownership:Taking Article 52 of the New Company Law as the Center

作　　者：贺小桐 HE Xiao-tong(School of Law,University of International Business and Economics,100029,Beijing,China)

机构地区：[1]对外经济贸易大学法学院,北京100029

出　　处：《石河子大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第5期78-85,共8页Journal of Shihezi University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“我国催收行业监管与立法完善研究”(20&ZD197)。

摘　　要：为确保公司资本真实充足,保障债权人合法权益,并解决股东违反出资义务所导致的公司僵局,新修订的《中华人民共和国公司法》第52条对《公司法司法解释三》的股东资格解除制度进行了深入改革。该条款正式引入了股东失权制度,作为股东违反出资义务的惩戒手段,与股东除名制度相比,股东失权制度更强调维护公司的资合性。但当前规则在适用条件、程序以及法律后果上仍存在争议及模糊之处。该文认为,股东失权制度在适用范围上应当包括货币与非货币的瑕疵出资;在适用程序上应由董事会作为发出催告通知与作出失权决议的主体,失权通知采用发出即生效的规则;失权股东有权通过提起股东异议之诉来寻求救济。对于失权股份的处理,则应首先考虑对失权的股份进行转让处理,无法转让的再进行减资处理。In order to ensure the real and sufficient capital of the company,to protect the legitimate rights and interests of creditors,and to solve the company deadlock caused by shareholders’violation of the investment obligation,the newly revised Article 52 of of the People’s Republic of China has carried out in-depth reform on the shareholder qualification dissolution system of the Judicial Interpretation of the Company Law.This article officially introduced the shareholder disownership system as a disciplinary measure for shareholders who violate their investment obligations.Compared with the demerit system,the new system emphasizes the maintenance of the company’s capital.However,there are still some disputes and ambiguities in the application conditions,procedures and legal consequences of the current rules.This paper holds that the system of shareholders’loss of rights should include monetary and non-monetary defective investment in the scope of application,and in the application procedure,the board of directors should be the subject of issuing the notice of demand and making the resolution of loss of right.The dispossessed shareholder has the right to seek relief by filing an action of shareholder dissent.For the disposal of shares with no rights,the transfer of shares with no rights should be considered first,and the capital reduction of shares that cannot be transferred should be processed.

关 键 词：股东失权 股东除名 出资义务 股份 

分 类 号：D922.291.91[政治法律—经济法学]