低品位离子型稀土矿微生物菌种的选育及浸出实验  

Selection and Cultivation of Microbial Strains and Its Bioleaching of a Low−grade Ion-adsorption Type Rare Earth

作　　者：路远航 胡馨文 赵娟 莫晓兰 温建康[1,2,3,4] 武名麟 LU Yuanhang;HU Xinwen;ZHAO Juan;MO Xiaolan;WEN Jiankang;WU Minglin(National Engineering Research Center for Environment−friendly Metallurgy in Producing Premium Non−ferrous Metals,China GRINM Group Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 101407,China;GRINM Resources and Environment Tech.Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 101407,China;General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals,Beijing 100088,China;Beijing Engineering Research Center of Strategic Nonferrous Metals Green Manufacturing Technology,Beijing 101407,China)

机构地区：[1]中国有研科技集团有限公司高品质有色金属绿色特种冶金国家工程研究中心,北京101407 [2]有研资源环境技术研究院(北京)有限公司,北京101407 [3]北京有色金属研究总院,北京100088 [4]战略性有色金属绿色制造技术北京市工程研究中心,北京101407

出　　处：《矿产保护与利用》2024年第5期16-22,共7页Conservation and Utilization of Mineral Resources

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(2022YFC2105305)。

摘　　要：离子型稀土矿的稀土元素配分齐全且储量丰富,是我国重要的稀土来源。在发展绿色矿山和“双碳”背景下,生物冶金是处理低品位矿的重要工艺,而浸矿微生物的选育是工艺开发的基础。通过在南方某稀土矿区周边取样并培养获得了三组微生物,按照取样位置编号为H−1、H−2以及H−3,并对其进行高通量测序及浸矿实验研究。高通量测序结果表明,取得的微生物样品中假单胞菌、放线菌、不动杆菌、外愈杆菌以及微球菌占比较高,COG功能预测其具备浸出稀土元素的能力。利用这三组微生物对离子型稀土矿开展浸出实验发现,各组别微生物对于镧均具有浸出效果,其中H−1对镧的浸出率可达到61.42%,而相较于空白对照组,铈、钇均并无明显生物浸出作用;H−1及H−3对钕有一定的浸出作用,其中H−1对钕的浸出率可达到64.81%。证明了三组微生物在离子型稀土矿生物浸出中应用的可行性,为离子型稀土矿生物原位开采技术的开发提供了菌种基础和保障。Ion−adsorption type rare earth minerals is an important source of rare earths in China because of its complete distribution of rare earth elements and rich reserves.Under the background of developing green mines and"carbon peak and carbon neutrality",biological metallurgy is an important process for the treatment of low−grade minerals.Its application in in−situ leaching of ion−type rare earth minerals is of great significance for the environmentally friendly and efficient utilization of rare earth resources,and the selection and cultivation of microbial strains is the basis of process development.Three groups of microorganisms H−1,H−2 and H−3 were obtained by sampling and culture around the rare earth mining area,and their high−throughput sequencing and leaching experiments were conducted.The high−throughput sequencing results showed that Pseudomonas,Actinomyces,Acinetobacter,Exobacterium and Micrococcus accounted for a relatively high proportion of the microbial samples obtained,and COG function predicted their ability to leach rare earth elements.The three groups of microorganisms were used to carry out leaching experiments on ion−adsorption rare earth minerals,and it was found that each group of microorganisms had leaching effect on lanthanum,the leaching rate of La reached 61.42%.There was no obvious leaching effect on Ce and Y.H−1 and H−3 had certain leaching effect on neodymium.The leaching rate of Nd reached 61.42%,which proved the feasibility of its application in the bioleaching of ion−type rare earth minerals,and provided the bacteria foundation for the development of bio−in−situ mining technology of ion−adsorption rare earth minerals.

关 键 词：离子型稀土矿 生物浸出 菌种选育 高通量测序 

分 类 号：TD955[矿业工程—选矿]