千年磁州窑的生产历史与地位  

The Millennium History and Significance of the Cizhou Kiln

作　　者：秦大树 QIN Dashu(School of Art and Archaeology,Hangzhou City University,Hangzhou,Zhejiang 310015,China;School of Archaeology and Museology,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China)

机构地区：[1]浙大城市学院艺术与考古学院,浙江杭州310015 [2]北京大学考古文博学院,北京100871

出　　处：《河北师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第6期37-48,共12页Journal of Hebei Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

摘　　要：磁州窑是宋元明时期北方地区的一个生产水平较高,工艺先进、特征明显,具有广泛影响的窑场。磁州窑存在两个制瓷中心,其产品种类丰富,装饰技法多样。按照考古发掘结果可知,唐末五代到北宋前期是磁州窑的初创阶段,主要生产日常生活用品,带装饰的器物很少;北宋中期到金朝前期是磁州窑的发展时期,器形变得丰富,装饰技法有了重大发展;金代中后期是磁州窑的繁荣期,造型、釉色、装饰技法和纹样等方面都达到了全面繁荣;蒙元时期是磁州窑的衰落时期,器物种类单调,产品质量下降,但生产规模却达到了顶峰。明清时期的延烧阶段,磁州窑的生产开始融入全国的瓷器生产体系。磁州窑在生产技术、装饰工艺、生产管理体制等方面的开创与应用,为中国古代瓷器制造业的发展做出了重要的贡献。The Cizhou kiln,operational from the Song through the Ming Dynasties(960-1644 CE),stands as a pinnacle of ceramic production in northern China,renowned for its advanced technology,distinctive characteristics,and far-reaching influence.This study examines the kiln’s thousand-year history,tracing its evolution,innovations,and impact on Chinese porcelain manufacturing.Two main production centers have been identified.The Cizhou kiln is distinguished by its diverse product range and unique decorative techniques.Based on archaeological findings,we propose a five-phase developmental framework.1.Initiation(Late Tang to Early Northern Song):Production focused on daily necessities with minimal decoration.2.Development(Mid-Northern Song to Early Jin):Witnessed diversification in vessel forms and decorative techniques,establishing the distinctive Cizhou style.3.Prosperity(Mid to Late Jin):Achieved comprehensive excellence in modeling,glazing,decoration,and patterning.4.Decline(Yuan Dynasty):Despite peak production scale,product variety diminished and quality declined.5.Integration(Ming and Qing Dynasties):Cizhou production assimilated into the national porcelain industry.The Cizhou kiln made significant contributions to Chinese ceramic history through innovations in production technology,decorative techniques,and management systems.

关 键 词：磁州窑 化妆白瓷 装饰技法 制瓷业 宋元时期 

分 类 号：K878.5[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] A13[历史地理—历史学]