试析磁州窑的孕育历程——以冀南文化区为例  

The Gestation Process of Cizhou Kiln:A Case Study of Southern Hebei Cultural Area

作　　者：韩立森 HAN Lisen(College of History and Culture,Hebei Normal University,Shijiazhuang,Hebei 050024,China)

机构地区：[1]河北师范大学历史文化学院,河北石家庄050024

出　　处：《河北师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第6期49-56,共8页Journal of Hebei Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“河北鹿泉北新城汉墓资料整理与真定国封国综合研究”(项目编号:24AKG005)。

摘　　要：河北是中华民族的发祥地和中华文明的发源地之一,也是陶瓷文明孕育发展的重要地区。考古发现证实,距今万年的南庄头遗址出土陶器,仰韶文化时期冀南地区开始出现窑业手工业窑炉,夏商周时期陶窑大量涌现。魏晋南北朝时期,特别是北朝时,区域内由烧制陶器转为生产瓷器。冀南地区的古代制陶、制瓷工业历程大致可以分为三个时期,即新石器时代、夏商周(含春秋战国)和汉魏到北朝时期,对应的代表性产品分别为彩陶、生活陶器;礼制陶;釉陶器和青瓷。不同时期的陶瓷器装饰工艺也各具特色,但本区内装饰手法存在较强的延续性。新石器时代和夏商周时期陶器装饰手法主要包括拍打、压印、刺剔、刻划和贴塑等。陶器的装饰手法上传承性较强,代际之间持续沿用,创新发展速度较慢。北朝之后磁州窑渐渐发展起来,装饰工艺有外部输入,也有受冀南陶器装饰工艺的影响,装饰手法更加丰富。工匠常运用刀、竹、角、篦子等工具通过划、刻、剔、填等手法在瓷胎上进行装饰,这显然是陶器装饰手法和工艺的延续。This study examines the gestation process of the Cizhou kiln within the context of Southern Hebei’s rich ceramic history.Hebei,a birthplace of Chinese civilization,played a crucial role in the development of China’s ceramic tradition.Our research traces this evolution from the Neolithic period to the Northern Dynasties,highlighting the transition from pottery to porcelain production.Archaeological evidence,including pottery from the Nanzhuangtou(南庄头)site dating back 10,000 years,provides a foundation for our analysis.We identify three key periods in the region’s ceramic development.1.Neolithic Age(Emergence of early pottery);2.Xia,Shang,and Zhou Dynasties(Development of painted,utilitarian,and ritual pottery);and 3.Han Wei to Northern Dynasties(Transition to glazed pottery and celadon).Each period is characterized by distinct decorative techniques,with a notable continuity observed across generations.The Neolithic and early dynastic periods primarily utilized techniques such as paddling,impressing,piercing,incising,and appliqué.The evolution of these techniques was gradual,reflecting a strong cultural inheritance.The Northern Dynasties marked a significant shift with the gradual development of the Cizhou kiln.This period saw an influx of external influences,enriching the local decorative repertoire.Notably,artisans continued to employ traditional tools like knives,bamboo,horns,and combs,adapting ancient pottery decoration methods to new porcelain forms.

关 键 词：冀南文化区 孕育历程 陶瓷器工业 陶窑 

分 类 号：K876.3[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]