藏东南色季拉山手参属植物种质资源调查与分析  

Investigation and Analysis of the Germplasm Resources on the Gymnadenia genus in the Sejila Mountain Area in Southeastern Xizang

作　　者：余应鹏 章容杰 袁茜 陈学达 万路生 邢震[2,4] 张毓[1,5] Yu Yingpeng;Zhang Rongjie;Yuan Xi;Chen Xueda;Wan Lusheng;Xing Zhen;Zhang Yu(Beijing Botanical Garden,Beijing 100093,China;Resources and Environment College,Xizang Agriculture and Animal Husbandry University,Nyingchi 860000,China;College of Biology and Food Engineering,Chongqing Three Gorges University,Chongqing 404100,China;Orchid Germplasm Resources Center of Xizang Agriculture and Animal Husbandry College,Nyingchi 860000,China;Key Lab.of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Plant Ex situ Conservation,Beijing 100093,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市植物园管理处,北京100093 [2]西藏农牧学院资源与环境学院,西藏林芝860000 [3]重庆三峡学院生物与食品工程学院,重庆404100 [4]西藏农牧学院兰科植物资源中心,西藏林芝860000 [5]植物迁地保护国家林业和草原局重点实验室,北京100093

出　　处：《中国野生植物资源》2024年第10期117-122,共6页Chinese Wild Plant Resources

基　　金：北京市公园管理中心科技课题(zx2022009);西藏农牧学院研究生创新计划资助项目(YJS2023-08)。

摘　　要：目的:为了解手参属植物种质资源现状,以藏东南色季拉山地区为例,对色季拉山海拔3000~4600 m范围内的手参属植物进行深入调查。方法:通过设置样线和样地,详细记录手参属植物的物种组成、种群数量、伴生植物种类、植被类型、郁闭度等基础生态信息,并利用GPS设备精确记录地理坐标和海拔。结果:在5个不同海拔点共发现5个手参属植物自然种群,经鉴定包含西南手参和短距手参;2种手参属植物植株花色丰富,形态变异较大,喜阳光充足、腐殖质丰富的酸性土壤环境;在特定海拔区域内2种手参同域分布,种群内个体呈散点和斑块状分布,受人为采挖活动影响明显;此外,对手参属植物的生境类型和伴生植物种类进行分析整理。结论:色季拉山手参属植物种质资源面临严重威胁,保护该珍贵的自然资源刻不容缓。该研究为国家重点二级保护植物手参属植物野生资源的保育与可持续利用奠定良好基础。Objective:To understand the current status of the germplasm resources of Gymnadenia,an in-depth investigation was conducted in the Sejila Mountain region of southeastern Xizang,focusing on the altitude range of 3000 m to 4600 m.Methods:By setting up sampling lines and plots,detailed records were made of the basic ecological information of Gymnadenia,including species composition,population quantity,associated plant species,vegetation types,and canopy density.Additionally,the geographic coordinates and altitudes were precisely recorded using GPS equipment.Results:Five natural populations of Gymnadenia were discovered at different altitudes,identified as G.orchidis and G.crassinervis.Both species of Gymnadenia exhibited diverse variations in flower colors and morphology.The two species were found to prefer environments with ample sunlight and acidic soil rich in humus.The two species were observed to coexist within the specific altitude regions.The individuals were distributed in a scattered and patchy manner within populations.Human excavation impacts were significant,and some populations were particularly severely affected.Furthermore,detailed descriptions of the habitat types and associated plant species of Gymnadenia were provided in this study.Conclusion:The germplasm resources of Gymnadenia in Sejila Mountain were facing severe threats and require immediate protection.This research provided a solid foundation for the conservation and sustainable utilization of wild resources of Gymnadenia,which were classified as second-class national key protected plant species.

关 键 词：手参属 种质资源 资源调查 色季拉山 

分 类 号：S682.31[农业科学—观赏园艺]