藏红花的名与实及藏红花之路  

Crocus and Saffron:Names and Facts

作　　者：宗喀·漾正冈布[1,2] 赵书苑 Yongdrol TSONGKHA;Mugdun TONGTSO(Institute for Tibeto-Burman and Altaic Studies at Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730020,China;Department of Anthropology at Indiana University,Bloomington,IN 47405-7100,USA)

机构地区：[1]兰州大学藏缅阿尔泰研究所,兰州730020 [2]印第安纳大学人类学系,美国布卢明顿47405-7100

出　　处：《中国科技史杂志》2024年第3期445-460,F0003,共17页The Chinese Journal for the History of Science and Technology

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“藏蒙医学历史与现状调查研究”(项目编号:15ZDB116);兰州大学“一带一路”专项重点项目“‘一带一路’海外民族志调查与整理研究—以吉尔吉特-巴尔蒂斯坦(Gilgit-Baltistan)为中心”(项目编号:2018ldbrzd001);教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“世界民族概论”(项目编号:11JJD850009)。

摘　　要：藏红花是欧亚大陆古代特别贸易商品,它有着数千年的栽培和使用历史,也是古代东西方文明交往交流、使得欧亚世界自古以来即呈现“技术和文化上为一个整体”的重要见证。长期以来,人们对它的名称、来源等存在许多误解。通过系统梳理和研究古希腊、圣经希伯来、梵、希腊-罗马化时期埃及、拉丁、波斯、阿拉伯以及藏、汉等欧亚世界主要一手历史文献和其他证据,发现藏红花自爱琴海地区起源,其名称实际存在两个源头,即源自古希腊语的Crocus系统,与源自中古波斯-阿拉伯语的Saffron系统。考察藏红花的名实及源流,也能在一定程度上大致勾勒出20世纪以前存在于欧亚大陆上的以藏红花为主的传播与贸易通道,即“藏红花之路”(Road of Saffron)。Saffron,a costly flavoring,medicine and dye,has been cultivated and used for more than three thousand five hundred years in the Eurasian world.However,the plant has been widely misunderstood in terms of its naming,origin,growing areas and uses.This article aims to map out how the names of saffron in the dozens of major Eurasian languages evolved,based on historical literatures in ancient Greek,Biblical Hebrew,Sanskrit,Egyptian(of Greco-Roman Egypt),Old Aramaic(Old Syriac),Latin,Persian,Arabic,Tibetan and Chinese.Saffron,although proved to have originated from the Aegean region,was named after two sources,one from crocus in ancient Greek,and saffron in Persian-Arabic.As an important transfer station on the road of saffron transmission and trade between South Asia,Inner Asia and East Asia,the Tibetan Plateau had contact with saffron significantly;its names in Tibetan and Chinese have also been influenced by the above-mentioned two systems.Clarifying the difference between the naming and facts,between origins and spreading,also contributes to connecting the dots of a passage that existed before 20th century,on which commodities represented by saffron were traded.We may call it the Road of Saffron.

关 键 词：藏红花 名实 藏红花之路 

分 类 号：N09[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学] R29[医药卫生—民族医学]