老年糖尿病患者日常饮食与身体锻炼情况对认知障碍的影响  

Association between diet,physical activity and cognitive impairment among elderly patients with diabetes mellitus

作　　者：丁工物 张海鑫 刘淑娟 李晋磊 Ding Gongwu;Zhang Haixin;Liu Shujuan;Li Jinlei(School of Population Medicine and Public Health,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical College,Beijing 100005,China)

机构地区：[1]中国医学科学院/北京协和医学院群医学及公共卫生学院,北京100005

出　　处：《中华老年医学杂志》2024年第10期1326-1330,共5页Chinese Journal of Geriatrics

基　　金：美国中华医学基金会(CMB)OC项目(CMB22-467)。

摘　　要：目的探索老年糖尿病患者日常饮食习惯及身体锻炼情况对认知障碍的影响。方法进行横断面研究,收集2021年10月至2022年5月在山东省烟台市蓬莱人民医院内分泌科对60岁及以上老年2型糖尿病患者进行面对面调查。调查内容包括一般情况、生活方式、疾病史等信息,其中患者认知状况采用蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)进行评估,编制日常饮食与锻炼情况调查问卷。利用Logistic回归分析老年糖尿病患者日常饮食、身体锻炼情况对认知障碍的影响。结果共纳入1355例60岁及以上2型糖尿病患者,其中565例存在认知障碍,检出率为41.7%。经常饮酒者认知障碍风险较高(OR:1.45,95%CI:1.04~2.04,P=0.03);水果摄入量多于每日1次的患者认知障碍风险较高(OR:1.52,95%CI:1.20~1.93,P<0.001);而每日至少摄入蔬菜1次者认知障碍风险较低(OR:0.41,95%CI:0.24~0.68,P=0.001)。身体锻炼和社交活动显著降低了认知障碍的风险(OR:0.49,95%CI:0.39~0.64,P<0.001;OR:0.56,95%CI:0.43~0.71,P<0.001)。结论糖尿病患者的饮食与锻炼习惯与认知障碍风险相关。认知障碍危险因素的早期识别和积极干预,可延缓及预防糖尿病患者认知障碍的发生,帮助患者更好地进行认知管理。Objective To investigate the association between diet,physical activity and cognitive impairment among elderly patients with diabetes mellitus.Methods This study investigated patients aged 60 years and above with type 2 diabetes in the Department of Endocrinology at Penglai People's Hospital from October 2021 to May 2022.Information on patients'demographics,lifestyle,disease history,daily diet,physical activities,and social network was collected using questionnaires.The Montreal Cognitive Assessment(MoCA)was utilized to evaluate the cognitive status of the participants.A logistic regression model was conducted to identify the associations between diet,physical activity,and cognitive impairment.Results A total of 1355 patients aged 60 years and above with type 2 diabetes were included in this study.During the assessment,565(41.7%)patients were identified as having cognitive impairment.After adjusting for other factors,it was found that alcohol consumption was associated with a higher risk of cognitive impairment(OR:1.45,95%CI:1.04-2.04,P=0.03).Furthermore,patients with diabetes who consumed fruits more than once a day had a higher risk of cognitive impairment(OR:1.52,95%CI:1.20-1.93,P<0.001).On the other hand,the consumption of vegetables was found to be negatively associated with the risk of cognitive impairment(OR:0.41,95%CI:0.24-0.68,P=0.001).Additionally,engaging in physical activities and having a strong social network were found to significantly reduce the risk of cognitive impairment(OR:0.49,95%CI:0.39-0.64,P<0.001;OR:0.56,95%CI:0.43-0.71,P<0.001)respectively.Conclusions Our findings indicate a significant association between diet,physical activity,and cognitive function in elderly individuals with type 2 diabetes.It is crucial to identify and intervene on risk factors to delay and prevent cognitive impairment.Furthermore,these interventions may also aid diabetes patients in effectively managing their cognition.

关 键 词：糖尿病 饮食 身体锻炼 认知障碍 

分 类 号：R587.1[医药卫生—内分泌] R749.1[医药卫生—内科学]