深圳市消防员职业紧张影响因素分析  

Analyzing the influencing factors of occupational stress of firefighters in Shenzhen City

作　　者：杨叶 孙丽[1] 林大枫 周伟 张乃兴 YANG Ye;SUN Li;LIN Dafeng;ZHOU Wei;ZHANG Naixing(不详;School of Public Health,Jilin University,Changchun,Jiling 130012,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林大学公共卫生学院,吉林长春130012 [2]深圳市职业病防治院,广东深圳518001

出　　处：《中国职业医学》2024年第4期389-393,398,共6页China Occupational Medicine

基　　金：深圳市科创委可持续发展专项(KCXFZ20201221173602007)。

摘　　要：目的分析深圳市消防员的职业紧张现况及其影响因素。方法采用判断抽样方法,选择深圳市5434名一线消防员为研究对象,采用《工作内容问卷》调查其职业紧张情况。结果研究对象的职业紧张检出率为52.5%(2854/5434)。二分类logistic回归分析结果显示,大学本科及以上者检出职业紧张的风险高于初中及以下者(P<0.01),三餐均不规律者检出职业紧张的风险高于三餐均规律者(P<0.01),日常锻炼1~3次/月和每周≥3次者检出职业紧张的风险均低于基本没有日常锻炼者(P值均<0.05),每周工作时长越长者、受伤频次越高者、外勤运动量越大者,检出职业紧张的风险均越高(P值均<0.01),长时间站立工作者检出职业紧张的风险高于非长时间站立者(P<0.01)。结论深圳市消防员的职业紧张检出率较高。文化程度、饮食习惯、日常锻炼、每周工作时长、受伤频次、长时间站立工作和外勤运动量均是消防员职业紧张的影响因素。Objective To analyze the current status and influencing factors of occupational stress among firefighters in Shenzhen City.Methods A total of 5434 first-line firefighters in Shenzhen City was selected as the study subjects using the judgment sampling method.The Job Content Questionnaire was used evaluate the occupational stress level.Results The detection rate of occupational stress in the study subjects was 52.5%(2854/5434).The result of dichotomous logistic regression analysis results showed that the risk of occupational stress was higher in firefighters who had a bachelor's degree or above than in those who had junior high school or below(P<0.01),the risk of occupational stress in those with irregular meals was higher than those with regular meals(P<0.01),and the risk of occupational stress was lower in those who exercised 1-3 times a month or≥3times a week than in those who did no daily exercise(all P<0.05).The risk of occupational stress was higher with older the weekly working hours,the more frequent the injury and the more firefighting workload(all P<0.01).The risk of occupational stress in firefighters who stand for a long time was higher than that in workers who not-stand for a long time(P<0.05).Conclusion The detection rate of occupational stress among the firefighters in Shenzhen City is relatively high.Educational level,dietary habits,daily exercise,weekly working hours,injury frequency,long-standing work and firefighting workload are all influencing factors for occupational stress in firefighters.

关 键 词：职业紧张 消防员 影响因素 

分 类 号：R135.2[医药卫生—劳动卫生]