瓜蒌不同药用部位、炮制方法、药性与功效的考证  

Herbal textual research on medicinal parts,processing methods,properties and efficacy of Trichosanthis Fructus

作　　者：张溪桐 杨彬 张宁[3] 王冰 ZHANG Xitong;YANG Bin;ZHANG Ning;WANG Bing(Pharmacy Department,Xiangshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Huangpu District,Shanghai 200020,China;Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research,Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Shanghai 201203,China;Experiment Center for Science and Technology,Shanghai University of Traditional ChineseMedicine,Shanghai 201203,China;Shanghai Cancer Institute,Shanghai 200032,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市黄浦区香山中医医院药剂科,上海200020 [2]上海中医药大学交叉科学研究院,上海201203 [3]上海中医药大学科技实验中心,上海201203 [4]上海市肿瘤研究所,上海200032

出　　处：《上海中医药杂志》2024年第11期52-57,63,共7页Shanghai Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine

基　　金：上海市黄浦区卫健委科研项目(HZQ202008)。

摘　　要：瓜蒌、瓜蒌子和瓜蒌皮是来源于同一植物果实的不同部位,为了解三种药物的应用历史及彼此间的相互联系,通过系统查阅历代本草和医学典籍,从药用部位、炮制方法、药性与功效四个方面进行了考证。结果表明,历代典籍中瓜蒌多用其植物名称“栝楼”,在古代方剂中入药的部位有果实、种子、瓤、果皮;古代瓜蒌、瓜蒌子或瓜蒌皮有清炒、蛤粉炒、葛粉炒、烧、煅、蒸、去油等炮制方法,现代三者常用的炮制方法为炒和蜜炙;有关其性味的记载经历了由“苦,寒”向“甘,寒”的转变,直到近代对三者才有了归经的记载;瓜蒌子偏于润肺和通便,瓜蒌皮偏于清热、化痰、宽胸,瓜蒌的功效兼而有之。Trichosanthis Fructus,Trichosanthis Semen and Trichosanthis Pericarpium are different parts of the same plant's fruit.In order to understand the application history of the three kinds of drugs and their mutual relations,the textual researches of the medicinal parts,processing methods,medicinal properties and effects of Trichosanthis Fructus,Trichosanthis Semen and Trichosanthis Pericarpium were carried out by systematically consulting the materia medica and medicine books of the past dynasties in this paper.The results showed that the plant name"Trichosanthes kirilowii"was commonly used instead of Trichosanthis Fructus in ancient books of the past dynasties.The different parts were used as medicine,such as fruit,seed,flesh,peel in ancient prescriptions.In ancient times,Trichosanthis Fructus,Trichosanthis Semen or Trichosanthis Pericarpium were processed by stir-frying,stir-frying with clam shell powder or Puerariae Thomsonii Radix powder,burning,calcination,steaming,removing oil,etc.At present,stir-frying and mix-frying with honey are commonly used methods for processes of these three drugs.Its properties and flavor were changed from"bitter,cold"to"sweet,cold".It was not until modern times that the meridian tropism of these three drugs was recorded.The efficacy of Trichosanthis Semen is inclined to moistening the lung and defecate,the efficacy of Trichosanthis Pericarpium is inclined to clearing heat,reducing phlegm,and widening the chest,and the efficacy of Trichosanthis Fructus includes all the above efficacies.

关 键 词：瓜蒌 瓜蒌子 瓜蒌皮 药用部位 炮制方法 药性 功效 本草考证 

分 类 号：R282.71[医药卫生—中药学]