肠道菌群在酒精性肝病中的作用及机制研究进展  

Research progress on the role and mechanism of gut microbiota in alcoholic liver disease

作　　者：刘海霞 樊卫平[2] 周祥(综述) 何榕(审校) LIU Haixia;FAN Weiping;ZHOU Xiang;HE Rong(Department of Laboratory,Jintang Branch,Chengdu Women and Children′s Hospital,Chengdu,Sichuan 610400,China;School of Basic Medicine,Shanxi Medical University,Jinzhong,Shanxi 030619,China)

机构地区：[1]四川省成都市妇女儿童医院金堂分院检验科,四川成都610400 [2]山西医科大学基础医学院,山西晋中030619

出　　处：《检验医学与临床》2024年第21期3256-3260,共5页Laboratory Medicine and Clinic

基　　金：山西省应用基础研究面上项目(202303021211126)。

摘　　要：酒精性肝病(ALD)是过量饮酒引起的一系列肝脏病变,发病率和病死率位居全球肝病之首。多项研究证明ALD伴随肠道菌群紊乱,肠道菌群及其代谢物如何影响ALD发生、发展逐渐成为研究热点,且新的研究表明肠道微生态制剂对ALD的治疗有积极作用。该文主要总结了酒精对肠道菌群多样性及组成的影响,重点讨论了肠道菌群代谢相关产物胆汁酸、短链脂肪酸和色氨酸以及肠源性细菌相关成分在ALD发病中的分子机制及研究进展,发现了以益生菌为代表的微生物制剂针对ALD有积极作用。这为临床治疗ALD提供新思路,肠道菌群有望成为ALD的诊疗靶点,但肠道菌群复杂且影响因素众多,目前临床研究进展缓慢,研究规模小,需要学者们后续扩大生物学样本量、加强质量控制进一步探索,并明确与ALD有关的特异肠道微生物及相关标志物。Alcoholic liver disease(ALD)is a series of liver diseases caused by excessive alcohol consumption with the highest incidence and mortality worldwide.Numerous studies have demonstrated that ALD is associated with dysbiosis of the gut microbiota.Understanding how the gut microbiota and its metabolites influent the occurrence and progression of ALD has become a growing area of research.Moreover,recent studies suggest that gut microbiota-modulating agents have a positive effect on the treatment of ALD.This review primarily summarizes the effect of alcohol consumption on gut microbiota diversity and composition.It focuses on the molecular mechanisms and research progress related to gut microbiota metabolites such as bile acids,short-chain fatty acids and tryptophan,as well as gut-derived bacterial components in the pathogenesis of ALD.The review also highlights the positive effects of probiotic agents,which represent microbial interventions,in the treatment of ALD.This provides new insights for the clinical treatment of ALD,suggesting that gut microbiota may become a therapeutic target for ALD.However,due to the complexity of gut microbiota and the multitude of influencing factors,current clinical research is progressing slowly with small study scale.Scholars need to expand biological sample,enhance quality control in the future,and further explore specific gut microbes and related biomarkers associated with ALD.

关 键 词：酒精性肝病 肠道菌群 肠道微生态制剂 肠道代谢产物 肠源性细菌相关成分 

分 类 号：R372[医药卫生—病原生物学] R575.2[医药卫生—基础医学]