收入分配、产能利用率与经济增长  

Income Distribution, Capacity Utilization Rate and Economic Growth

作　　者：李帮喜 夏锦清 冯志轩 LI Bangxi;XIA Jinqing;FENG Zhixuan(Institute of Economics,School of Social Sciences,Tsinghua University;Jiangxi Provincial Financial Regulatory Bureau;Economics and Management School,Wuhan University)

机构地区：[1]清华大学社会科学学院经济学研究所,邮政编码:100084 [2]中共江西省委金融委员会办公室,邮政编码:330038 [3]武汉大学经济与管理学院,邮政编码:430072

出　　处：《经济研究》2024年第8期189-208,共20页Economic Research Journal

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目(23AZD016)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：本文考察了改革开放以来中国功能性收入分配与经济增长和产能利用率的关系及其演变,构建了可体现固定资本投资、中间投入品投资、居民消费、政府消费、非生产性活动和出口等需求的六部类模型,阐明了在不同类型需求和生产的交互影响下,形成增长机制的可能方式。在此基础上,本文构建了一个可计算一般均衡模型,利用1981—2018年37个部门的RUCiod中国时间序列投入产出表,测度了样本期间中国六个部类以及整体的增长机制。结果发现:中国存在明显的冲突型增长机制,在部类层面和经济总体层面都存在增长率是利润引导型而产能利用率是工资引导型的情况。这意味着通过调整收入分配来调节总需求面临权衡取舍,在“保增长”和“去库存”的目标间存在两难困境。要解决这种困境,需要提高企业对市场价值的实现程度以及降低企业对利润率的敏感程度。这需要发挥社会主义市场经济两方面的优势:一是发挥市场经济在资源配置中的决定性作用;二是抑制以价值增殖为目的的资本积累过程产生的负面影响。通过解决这种困境,中国将在宏观层面更好实现改善收入分配与促进经济增长的统一,在更高水平上实现高质量发展。For the current macroeconomic situation in China,maintaining stable aggregate demand plays a very important role.When examining the maintenance and expansion of aggregate demand,especially domestic demand,from the perspective of Marxist political economy,it becomes clear that income distribution occupies a very critical position.This paper aims to explore the relationship among China's economic growth,aggregate demand and income distribution through the theoretical frameworks established by Marx and Kalecki.To this end,the paper establishes a six-sector Marx-Kaleckian model that expands on the traditional neo-Kaleckian view of the relationship between income distribution and economic growth,developing this theory into a framework that better accommodates various types of demand.This framework can effectively illustrate the relationship between different types of income distribution and aggregate demand within the economy,as well as their mutual influences.Based on the aforementioned theoretical model,this paper constructs a computable general equilibrium model rooted in Marx-Kaleckian theory.This model can effectively simulate the dynamic process of economic growth,providing a new analytical tool for exploring macroeconomic processes and policies from a Marxist theoretical standpoint.Using the computable general equilibrium model based on Marx-Kaleckian theory,this paper utilizes the 1981—2018 RUCiod Chinese time-series input-output tables of 37 sectors to construct a six-sector input-output table to measure the growth regime of China's six sectors and the economy as a whole during the sample period.Two significant findings are revealed,which have not been identified in the existing literature:first,there exists a clear conflictive growth regime in China—while the overall economy and the growth regimes of fixed capital,intermediate inputs,and household consumption sectors are profit-led in terms of growth rates,they are wage-led in terms of capacity utilization rates.Second,there are differences in the growth

关 键 词：收入分配 产能利用率 增长机制 马克思—卡莱斯基理论 

分 类 号：F124.7[经济管理—世界经济] F124.1