环境执法正面清单制度:法理阐释与实效保障  

Positive List System for Environmental Law Enforcement:Legal Interpretation and Effectiveness Guarantee

作　　者：邓可祝 李晓艳 Deng Kezhu;Li Xiaoyan

机构地区：[1]安徽工业大学公共管理与法学院 [2]《辽宁师范大学学报》编辑部

出　　处：《交大法学》2024年第6期155-174,共20页SJTU Law Review

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“风险规制视域下预防性环境公益诉讼研究”(项目编号:20BFX168)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：环境执法不能局限于行政机关单方面执法和对企业环境违法行为的制裁,而应重视行政权力的柔性化、多样化,发挥企业在环境守法方面的积极作用。环境执法正面清单制度的出现,说明我国环境执法在理念、模式与功能等方面的变化,这些变化反映了环境法治的新趋势。通过正面清单制度激励企业环境守法,激发合作型环境法的增益功能,可以在合作的基础上以最小成本提高环境治理绩效。执法正面清单制度是我国环境执法实践不断完善的结果,具有政策主导型法治的特征,也应符合法律原则与法律规则的要求。而要发挥环境执法正面清单制度的成效,应重视其实现路径的问题,通过法律解释、分类管理、技术支持等方式来保障正面清单制度的合法有效。Environmental law enforcement cannot be limited to unilateral enforcement by administrative agencies and sanctions against corporate environmental violat ions.Instead,attention should be paid to the flexibility and diversification of administrative power,and enterprises should play a positive role in environmental compliance.The emergence of the positive list system of environmental law enforcement in China indicates changes in the concepts,models,and functions of environmental law enforcement,which reflect the new trend of environmental rule of law.By incentivizing corporate environmental compliance through a positive list system and stimulating the added function of cooperative environmental laws,environmental governance performance can be improved at the lowest cost on the basis of cooperation.The positive list system for law enforcement is the result of the continuous improvement of China's environmental law enforcement practice,which has the characteristics of policy driven rule of law and should also meet the requirements of legal principles and rules.To fully utilize the effectiveness of the positive list system for environmental law enforcement,attention should be paid to its implementation path,and the legality and effectiveness of the positive list system should be ensured through legal interpretation,classification management,technical support,and other means.

关 键 词：环境执法 正面清单 环境信用 回应型监管 柔性执法 

分 类 号：D922.68[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]