高海拔1.2 m望远镜的瓦级皮秒激光空间目标测距研究  

A study of watt-scale picosecond laser space target ranging for a 1.2 m telescope at high altitude

作　　者：阳宇 龙明亮 张海峰[1,2,3] 张晓祥[3,4] 黄星旻[4,5] 丁洁 李朴 邓华荣[1] 张忠萍[1,3] YANG Yu;LONG Ming-Liang;ZHANG Hai-Feng;ZHANG Xiao-Xiang;HUANG Xing-Min;DING Jie;LI Pu;DENG Hua-Rong;ZHANG Zhong-Ping(Shanghai Astronomical Observatory,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 200030,China;Center For Advanced Laser Technology,Hebei University of Technology,Tianjin 300401,China;Key Laboratory of Space Object and Debris Observation,China Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008,China;Zijinshan Observatory,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008,China;Qinghai Observatory,Zijinshan Observatory,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Delingha 817000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院上海天文台,上海200030 [2]河北工业大学先进激光技术研究中心,天津300401 [3]中国科学院空间目标与碎片观测重点实验室,江苏南京210008 [4]中国科学院紫金山天文台,江苏南京210008 [5]中国科学院紫金山天文台青海观测站,青海德令哈817000

出　　处：《红外与毫米波学报》2024年第5期696-702,共7页Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves

基　　金：国家自然基金(12003056);科工局民用航天技术预先研究项目(D010105)。

摘　　要：高精度的空间碎片测量,可以提供更精确的碎片目标实时信息,增强卫星对空间碎片的规避预警实效性。通过对青海口径1.2 m量子通信望远镜(海拔3200 m)进行改造,采用单脉冲能量1.2 mJ、重复频率1 kHz皮秒激光开展了卫星激光测距(SLR)与空间碎片激光测距(DLR)试验,其中合作卫星的探测范围由低轨扩展至同步轨道,测距精度优于2 cm;空间碎片目标测量最远距离1620.5 km,雷达散射截面积(RCS)为2.41 m^(2),测距精度达到10.64 cm,实现了单套激光器系统既可开展合作目标厘米级高精度测距,又可实现空间碎片观测。这是目前为止国际首次采用高重频低功率激光测距系统实现对空间碎片目标高精度测量,体现了皮秒激光及高海拔大口径望远镜测量优势,为我国西部开展空间目标的激光测距提供参考,以及为空间碎片激光测距系统选址与空间碎片监视能力的提升提供了有效途径。High-precision space debris measurements can provide more accurate real-time information on debris targets and enhance the effectiveness of satellite avoidance warnings for space debris.Through the modification of the 1.2 m aperture quantum communication telescope(altitude 3200 m)in Qinghai Province,the satellite laser ranging(SLR)and space debris laser ranging(DLR)experiments were carried out by using a single pulse energy of 1.2 mJ and a repe-tition rate of 1 kHz picosecond laser,in which the detection range of cooperative satellites has been extended from Low Earth Orbit to Geosynchronous Eearth Orbit,and the ranging accuracy was better than 2 cm.The maximum distance of space debris target measurement is 1620.5 km,the radar cross section(RCS)is 2.41 m^(2),and the ranging accuracy reaches 10.64 cm.A single laser system has been realized,which can not only carry out centimeter-level high-precision ranging of cooperative targets,but also realize space debris observation.This is the first time in the world to use high repetition frequency and low power laser ranging system to achieve high precision measurement of space debris targets,reflecting the advantages of picosecond laser and high-altitude large-aperture telescope measurement,providing refer-ence for developing space target laser ranging in western China,and providing an effective way for space debris laser ranging system site selection and space debris monitoring capability enhancement.

关 键 词：空间碎片 卫星激光测距 单光子探测 高海拔 皮秒激光 

分 类 号：TN206[电子电信—物理电子学]