建设用地土壤甲醛筛选值推导研究  

Research on derivation of formaldehyde screening values for construction land soi

作　　者：刘劲铭 谭海剑 秦豪男 张静雯 韩璐[2,5] 程媛媛 李婧[2,5,6] 陈梦舫 陈雪艳[2,5] 武文培 杨磊 LIU Jinming;TAN Haijian;QIN Haonan;ZHANG Jingwen;HAN Lu;CHENG Yuanyuan;LI Jing;CHEN Mengfang;CHEN Xueyan;WU Wenpei;YANG Lei(School of Environmental Science and Engineering,Suzhou University of Science and Technology,Suzhou 215009,China;Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008,China;Guangzhou Environmental Technology Center,Guangzhou 324202,China;Zhejiang Quzhou Ecological Environment Monitoring Center,Quzhou 210008,China;Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Remediation of Contaminated Sites,Nanjing 210008,China;Nanjing Jinghongze Environmental Technology Co.,Ltd.,Nanjing,210000,China)

机构地区：[1]苏州科技大学环境科学与工程学院,苏州215009 [2]中国科学院南京土壤研究所,南京210008 [3]广州市环境技术中心,广州510180 [4]浙江省衢州生态环境监测中心,衢州324202 [5]江苏省污染场地土壤与地下水修复工程实验室,南京210008 [6]南京景鸿泽环境科技有限公司,南京210000

出　　处：《环境工程学报》2024年第8期2065-2075,共11页Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助项目(2022YFC3703102);国家自然科学基金资助项目(42330716,42277071);云南省科技厅科技计划资助项目(202203AC100001)。

摘　　要：甲醛是纺织、皮革、家具、化学原料和化学品制造业等行业的典型污染物,甲醛废水排放不当或泄露可导致土壤被严重污染。我国风险评估技术导则尚未给出甲醛毒性参数及筛选值,从业单位在评估过程中采用的毒性参数存在较大差异,导致推导甲醛筛选值存在较多不确定性。亟需系统总结甲醛对人体健康的潜在危害与主要暴露途径,并确立甲醛理化毒性参数。结果表明,甲醛主导暴露途径为呼吸暴露,对人体主要产生呼吸吸入致癌和经口摄入非致癌毒性效应。基于国内外毒性参数来源的科学依据及时效性,结论表明:甲醛呼吸吸入单位致癌风险(IUR)为1.1×10^(-2) m^(3)·mg^(-1),吸入非致癌参考浓度(RfC)为7×10^(-3) mg·m^(-3),经口摄入参考剂量(RfD_o)为2×10^(-2) mg·kg^(-1)·d^(-1);进一步根据国家导则推荐模型,计算推导第一类用地土壤筛选值为32.7 mg·kg^(-1),第二类用地筛选值为59.5 mg·kg^(-1)。甲醛主导暴露途径为吸入表层和下层土壤室外气态污染物,且致癌效应平均作用时间(AT_(ca))、混合区大区流速(U_(air))、混合区高度(δ_(air))、气态污染物入侵持续时间(τ)等参数对筛选值结果影响较大。Formaldehyde is a quintessential pollutant in industries such as textiles,leather,furniture,chemical raw materials and chemical manufacturing,with improper disposal or leakage of formaldehyde wastewater leading to severe soil contamination.The guidelines for risk assessment technology in China have not yet provided toxicological parameters and screening values for formaldehyde,resulting in significant discrepancies in the toxicological parameters used by entities during the assessment process.This leads to considerable uncertainty in deriving the screening value for formaldehyde.Urgent need to systematically summarize the potential hazards and main exposure pathways of formaldehyde to human health,and establish the physicochemical toxicity parameters of formaldehyde.The findings indicated that the predominant exposure route of formaldehyde was through inhalation,primarily causing respiratory carcinogenicity and noncarcinogenic toxicity effects through oral intake.Based on scientific evidence and timeliness from both domestic and international sources,this conclusion demonstrated the inhalation unit risk factor(IUR)at 1.1×10^(−2) m^(-3)·mg^(-1),the inhalation reference concentration(RfC)at 7×10^(-3)mg·m^(-3),and the oral reference dose(RfDo)at 2×10^(−2) mg·kg^(-1)·d^(-1)for formaldehyde;further,according to models recommended by the national guidelines,the screening values are derived for Category 1 land at 32.7 mg·kg^(-1)and Category 2 land at 59.5 mg·kg^(-1).The dominant exposure pathway for formaldehyde was inhalation of outdoor gaseous pollutants in the surface and lower soil layers,and factors such as the average time of cancer effect(ATca),the flow velocity of the mixed zone(Uair),the height of the mixed zone(δair),and the duration of gaseous pollutant intrusion(τ)significantly influenced the screening values obtained.

关 键 词：健康风险评估 甲醛 土壤筛选值 毒性参数 暴露途径 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]