稀土矿山氨氮废水PD/PN/Anammox耦合工艺中试在低水温下的性能及调控  

Performance and control of PD/PN/Anammox coupling process pilot for ammonia nitrogen wastewater in rare earth mines at low water temperature

作　　者：邱清荣 郭佩洁 胡予佳 罗忠斌 王灵 范存文 苏昊 张大超[1] QIU Qingrong;GUO Peijie;HU Yujia;LUO Zhongbin;WANG Ling;FAN Cunwen;SU Hao;ZHANG Dachao(College of Resources and Environmental Engineering Jiangxi University of Science and Technology,Ganzhou 341000,China;Ganzhou Ecological Environment Engineering Investment Co.,Ganzhou 341000,China)

机构地区：[1]江西理工大学资源与环境工程学院,赣州341000 [2]赣州生态环境工程投资有限责任公司,赣州341000

出　　处：《环境工程学报》2024年第8期2319-2330,共12页Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering

摘　　要：基于厌氧氨氧化(Anammox)的废水新型生物脱氮工艺在低水温下稳定运行存在很大的挑战。针对离子型稀土矿山氨氮废水氨氮与硝酸盐共存的水质特征,构建了短程反硝化(PD)、短程硝化(PN)和厌氧氨氧化耦合工艺,在矿山现场建设了50 m^(3)·d^(-1)中试规模的试验装置,并进行了为期108 d冬季低水温条件下的试验。结果表明,PD/PN/Anammox耦合工艺中试平均氨氮去除率(ANR)为95.64%,平均总氮去除率(TNR)为84.27%,平均总氮去除负荷(TNRR)为0.19 kg·(m^(3)·d)^(-1)。在水温从(22±2)℃下降至(10±2)℃时,系统处理能力由32 m^(3)·d^(-1)下降至16 m^(3)·d^(-1)。水温对各个反应器的影响以15℃为分界线,水温低于15℃时,反应速率下降明显,亚硝酸盐积累率(NAR)和硝酸盐去除率(NRE)波动。在低水温环境下,采取了调高C/N、延长水力停留时间(HRT)、调整间歇曝气时间、投加有机碳源等调控策略有效缓解了低水温的冲击。高通量测序结果表明,短期的低水温冲击导致功能菌属Thauera、Nitrosomonas、Candidatus_Kuenenia、Candidatus_Brocadia相对丰度下降,在长期运行阶段,功能菌属相对丰度正常上升,长期的低水温((10±2)℃)环境下功能细菌可正常富集。The new biological nitrogen removal process of wastewater based on anaerobic ammonia oxidation(Anammox)has great challenges in stable operation at low water temperature.In this paper,according to the water quality characteristics of ammonia nitrogen and nitrate coexistence in ammonia nitrogen wastewater of ion-type rare earth mine,a coupling process of partial denitrification(PD),partial nitrification(PN)and anaerobic ammonia oxidation was constructed.A 50 m^(3)·d^(-1) pilot scale test device was constructed at the mine site,and the experiment was carried out under the condition of low water temperature in winter for 108 days.The results showed that the average ammonia nitrogen removal rate(ANR),the average total nitrogen removal rate(TNR)and the average total nitrogen removal load(TNRR)of PD/PN/Anammox coupling process were 95.64%,84.27%,and 0.19 kg·(m^(3)·d)^(-1).When the water temperature drops from 22±2℃ to 10±2℃,the system capacity decreases from 32 m^(3)·d^(-1) to 16 m^(3)·d^(-1).The boundary line of the influence of water temperature on each reactor is 15℃.When the water temperature is lower than 15℃,the reaction rate decreases obviously,and the nitrite accumulation rate(NAR)and nitrate removal rate(NRE)fluctuate.In the low water temperature environment,the control strategies such as increasing C/N,extending hydraulic retention time(HRT),adjusting intermittent aeration time and adding organic carbon sources were adopted to effectively alleviate the impact of low water temperature.The high-throughput sequencing results showed that the relative abundance of functional bacteria Thauera,Nitrosomonas,Candidatus_Kuenenia,and Candidatus_Brocadia decreased due to short-term impact of low water temperature,while the relative abundance of functional bacteria increased normally during long-term operation.Functional bacteria can be normally enriched under long-term low water temperature(10±2℃).

关 键 词：短程反硝化 短程硝化 厌氧氨氧化 稀土矿山氨氮废水 低水温 中试 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]