2021-2022年长沙市手足口病病原分子流行病学特征研究  

Study on the molecular epidemiological characteristics of hand,foot and mouth disease in Changsha city from 2021 to 2022

作　　者：邓佩佩 黄政[1] 奉琪 肖回回 DENG Peipei;HUANG Zheng;FENG Qi;XIAO Huihui(Changsha Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Changsha,Hunan 410004,China)

机构地区：[1]长沙市疾病预防控制中心,湖南长沙410004

出　　处：《中国病毒病杂志》2024年第4期358-361,共4页Chinese Journal of Viral Diseases

基　　金：湖南省卫生健康委科研立项课题(202112061212)。

摘　　要：目的 分析2021-2022年长沙市手足口病病例流行学特征及实验室检测结果,为制定防控策略提供科学依据。方法 收集2021-2022年长沙市辖区各定点医院上送至长沙市疾病预防控制中心的手足口病临床诊断病例样本,使用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(real-time fluorescent quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction,qRT-PCR)方法检测病毒核酸,运用描述性流行病学研究方法对病例信息及检测结果进行统计分析。结果 2021-2022年共检测手足口病样本1 159份,样本病毒核酸阳性率为54.36%(630/1 159),其中,其他肠道病毒阳性率27.78%(322/1 159)、 CV-A16病毒阳性率26.66%(309/1 159)、EV-A71病毒阳性率0.09%(1/1 159)。监测病例以>0~3岁、>3~6岁两个年龄段为主,患者最大年龄为31岁、最小年龄为1个月,不同年龄组其他肠道病毒阳性检出率(14.29%~32.72%)差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=15.687,P=0.001);CV-A16病毒感染高峰在3-7月,占75.73%(234/309),其他肠道病毒全年多发,EV-A71病毒感染持续低水平。结论 长沙市2021-2022年手足口病优势病原体为CV-A16和其他肠道病毒,且其他肠道病毒感染呈现增高趋势。应针对>0~6岁年龄段人群,实施对其他肠道病毒和CV-A16的监测预防、健康宣教等综合防控策略。Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and laboratory test results of surveillance cases of hand,foot and mouth disease(HFMD)in Changsha from 2021 to 2022,and to provide a scientific basis for formulating strategies for prevention and control.Methods Clinical diagnostic case samples of hand,foot,and mouth disease from designated hospitals in the jurisdiction of Changsha city from 2021 to 2022.Real-time fluorescent quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)was used to detect viral nucleic acid.Epidemiological descriptive method was used to analyze the basic information and test results statistically.Results A total of 1159 samples of HFMD were tested from 2021 to 2022,with a virus nucleic acid positivity rate of 54.36%(630/1159).Among them,the positivity rate of other enteroviruses was 27.78%(322/1159),the positivity rate of the CV-A16 virus was 26.66%(309/1159),and the positivity rate of the EV-A71 virus was 0.09%(1/1159).The surveillance cases were mainly in two age groups:>0-3 and>3-6.The maximum age of patients was 31 years old,and the mini-mum age was one month.There was a statistically significant difference in the positive detection rate of other entero-viruses among different age groups(14.29%-32.72%),χ^(2)=15.687,P=0.001.The peak of CV-A16 virus infection occurred from March to July(accounting for 75.73%,234/309),while other enteroviruses were more prevalent throughout the year.EV-A71 virus infection remained at a low level.Conclusions The dominant pathogens of hand,foot,and mouth disease in Changsha city from 2021 to 2022 are CV-A16 and other enteroviruses,and the infec-tion of other enteroviruses shows an increasing trend.Therefore,comprehensive prevention and control strategies such as surveillance and prevention of other enteroviruses and CV-A16 virus,health promotion,and education should be implemented for>0-6 years age group.

关 键 词：手足口病 病原学监测 病毒分型 流行特征 

分 类 号：R373.2[医药卫生—病原生物学]