生物有机配方肥替代化肥对剑麻生长和土壤质量的影响  

Effect on Sisal Growth and Soil Quality by Bio-organic Formulated Fertilizer Replacing Chemical Fertilizer

作　　者：经福林 冯学娟 吴刃 邓华 刘志强 毛丽君 徐娟 陈士伟 张曼其 JING Fulin;FENG Xuejuan;WU Ren;DENG Hua;LIU Zhiqiang;MAO Lijun;XU Juan;CHEN Shiwei;ZHANG Manqi(Guangdong Zhanjiang State Farms Research Institute,Zhanjiang 524000,Guangdong,China;Quality and Safety Inspection Testing Center for Sisal Products,MARA,Zhanjiang 524022,Guangdong,China;Guangdong Zhanjiang Agricultural Reclamation Group Co.,Ltd.,Zhanjiang 524008,Guangdong,China;Guangdong Agribusiness Group Corporation,Guangzhou 510610,Guangdong,China)

机构地区：[1]广东省湛江农垦科学研究所,广东湛江524000 [2]农业农村部剑麻及制品质量监督检验测试中心,广东湛江524008 [3]广东省湛江农垦集团有限公司,广东湛江524022 [4]广东省农垦集团公司,广东广州510610

出　　处：《中国麻业科学》2024年第5期275-283,共9页Plant Fiber Sciences in China

基　　金：中央财政资金“耕地建设与利用资金项目”(2130122)。

摘　　要：为了深入探究生物有机配方肥在剑麻种植中作为化肥替代品的增产增效潜力,在同一块地上设计3个不同的施肥处理试验:施用常规化肥,尿素450 kg/hm^(2)、磷肥1500 kg/hm^(2)、钾肥450 kg/hm^(2)和有机肥料7500 kg/hm^(2)(CK);施用1/2常规化肥与剑麻生物有机配方肥1875 kg/hm^(2)(T1);施用剑麻生物有机配方肥3750 kg/hm^(2)(T2)。结果表明,与CK相比,T2处理下剑麻地土壤的有效磷和速效钾含量分别降低了31.21 mg/kg和95.80 mg/kg,而碱解氮和交换性钙含量分别显著升高了21.49 mg/kg和63.42 mg/kg。此外,T2处理显著提升了土壤微生物量碳、氮含量,分别是CK处理的17.98倍和2.06倍。同时,土壤酸性磷酸酶活性显著降低,而蔗糖酶活性、脲酶活性和过氧化氢酶活性则显著提高,T1、T2处理分别达到了CK处理的1.05倍、1.33倍和1.20倍,4.39倍、1.38倍和1.22倍。另外,T2处理还显著促进了剑麻对钙的吸收利用,剑麻叶片全钙含量和叶片纤维含量在2021年和2022年分别比CK处理高出16.67%、6.91%和22.71%、9.51%。此外,T2处理每年可节省成本1837.50元/hm^(2),两年合计增加收入2473.50元/hm^(2)。因此,与常规化肥(CK)相比,剑麻生物有机配方肥不仅能够调整土壤养分成分,提升剑麻对钙的吸收及麻片纤维含量,还能显著提高土壤微生物量碳、氮含量及酶活性,实现化肥减量增效。该研究为促进剑麻生产与土壤保护提供了重要的参考依据。In order to further explore the increasing yield and efficiency potential of bio-organic formula fertilizer as a substitute for chemical fertilizer in sisal planting,three different fertilization treatments were designed on the same plot:applying conventional chemical fertilizer,including 450 kg/hm^(2)of urea,1500 kg/hm^(2)of phosphate fertilizer,450 kg/hm^(2)of potash fertilizer,and 7500 kg/hm?of organic fertilizer(CK);applying 1/2 of conventional chemical fertilizer and 1875 kg/hm^(2)of sisal bio-organic formula ferilizer(T1);applying 3750 kg/hm^(2)of sisal bio-organic formula fertilizer(T2).The results showed that compared with CK,the available phosphorus and available potassium contents in the soil of the sisal field under T2 treatment decreased by 31.21 mg/kg and 95.80 mg/kg,respectively,while the contents of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and exchangeable calcium significantly increased by 21.49 mg/kg and 63.42 mg/kg,respectively.In addition,T2 treatment significantly increased the soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen contents,which were 17.98 times and 2.06 times those of CK treatment,respectively.At the same time,soil acid phosphatase activity was significantly reduced,while sucrose enzyme activity,urease activity,and peroxidase activity were significantly increased,reaching 1.05 times,1.33 times,and 1.20 times,and 4.39 times,1.38 times,and 1.22 times those of CK treatment,respectively.Furthermore,T2 treatment significantly promoted the absorption and utilization of calcium by sisal,resulting in an increase in the fiber content of its leaves by 16.67%and 6.91%in 2021 and 2022,respectively,compared with CK treatment.Additionally,T2 treatment could save costs of 1837.50 yuan/hm^(2) each year,with a total increase in income of 2473.50 yuan/hm^(2) over two years.Therefore,compared with conventional chemical fertilizer(CK),sisal bio-organic formula fertilizer can not only adjust soil nutrient composition,enhance the absorption of calcium by sisal and increase the fiber content of its leaves,but also signif

关 键 词：剑麻 生物有机配方肥 土壤 生长 生产效益 

分 类 号：S147.5[农业科学—肥料学] S563.8[农业科学—农业基础科学]