多年冻土区道路工程病害处治技术研究进展与展望  

Progress and Prospects of Road Engineering Disease Treatment Technology in Permafrost Regions

作　　者：高峰 曾宪璋 钟闻华 黄生勇 张军辉 GAO Feng;ZENG Xianzhang;ZHONG Wenhua;HUANG Shengyong;ZHANG Junhui(Key Laboratory of Highway Engineering,Ministry of Education,Changsha University of Science&Technology,Changsha,Hunan 410114,China;Qinghai Communications Holding Group Co.,Ltd.,Xining,Qinghai 810000,China)

机构地区：[1]长沙理工大学公路工程教育部重点实验室,湖南长沙410114 [2]青海省交通控股集团有限公司,青海西宁810000

出　　处：《中外公路》2024年第5期1-16,共16页Journal of China & Foreign Highway

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(编号:52025085,52308438);湖南省自然科学基金青年基金资助项目(编号:2023JJ40035);长沙市自然科学基金资助项目(编号:kq2208234);湖南省公路先进建养技术国际科技创新合作基地开放基金资助项目(编号:kfj220801)。

摘　　要：冻融灾害是影响多年冻土区道路工程服役性能和运营安全的关键问题。在冻土环境暖湿化和工程热效应共同影响下,多年冻土加速退化,加剧了道路冻融病害风险。为维持道路服役性能水平,冻土道路养护维修频次远高于其他地区,道路使用寿命难以达到设计预期。深化道路岩土结构灾变机理认识,加强工程病害处治技术研究对推进冻土区高质量、高等级公路建设与养护具有重要意义。基于此,该文首先对冻土道路典型病害类型进行阐述,并根据冻土性质、气候与地形、道路材料与结构等内外因素探究病害的形成机理与演变机制;根据病害处治原理的不同,论述了当前冻土道路病害处治技术研究现状与发展趋势。研究表明:冻土道路病害主要包括冻融沉陷、开裂坑槽和唧泥翻浆,病害成因包含冻土性质、气候地形、道路材料与结构等内外因素,特别是冻融积水浸泡软化地基诱发沉陷变形较为显著,因此在道路规划阶段应充分优化选线设计。根据在役道路病害处治原理不同,可将现有处治技术分为被动冷却路基措施、主动冷却路基措施和冻土地基增强措施3类。其中,路基主、被动控温措施研究与应用较为系统全面,后续应持续聚焦于控温性能提升及多种处治措施联合运用;冻土地基增强技术具有良好的应用前景和推广价值,目前主要处于探索试验阶段,未来在设计方法与建造技术上需深入研究。病害处治技术还应关注在役道路服役性能保持,需持续加强处治效果跟踪评估。为降低冻土道路病害发生风险,保障高原交通运输安全,形成以“地基增强-路基控温-综合排水”为核心的病害一体化处治技术是未来研究方向和关注重点。Freeze-thaw disasters are key issues affecting the service performance and operational safety of road projects in permafrost regions.Under the combined influence of warming and humidification of the permafrost environment and engineering thermal effects,the degradation of permafrost is accelerating,exacerbating the risk of road freeze-thaw diseases.Roads in these regions are more frequently maintained and repaired to ensure service performance,with a service life lower than designed.Therefore,deepening the understanding of the disaster mechanism of road geotechnical structures and strengthening the study on engineering disease treatment technology are of great significance in promoting the construction and maintenance of high-quality and high-grade highways in frozen regions.This paper first expounded on typical types of diseases of roads in frozen regions and explored the formation mechanism and evolution mechanism of the diseases based on internal and external factors,such as frozen soil properties,climate and topography,road materials,and structures.Then the current situations and development of disease treatment technology for roads in frozen regions were discussed according to the different treatment principles.Studies have shown that freeze-thaw subsidence,cracking and pitting,and mud pumping are the main diseases on these roads.The causes include frozen soil properties,climate and topography,road materials and structures,and other factors,with subsidence and deformation induced by soaked and softened foundations due to freeze-thaw water particularly significant.Therefore,the line selection should be fully optimized in road planning.According to the different principles of treatment of in-service road diseases,the existing treatment technologies can be divided into three categories:measures of passively cooling subgrade,measures of actively cooling subgrade,and measures of enhancing frozen soil foundation.Among them,the study and application of the former two categories are relatively systematic and compreh

关 键 词：多年冻土 道路工程 灾变机制 处治技术 

分 类 号：U416[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]