电弧炉低碳高效智能冶炼技术进步及展望  

Progress and prospects of low-carbon high-efficiency and intelligent steelmaking technologies for electric arc furnaces

作　　者：陈兆平[1] 田博涵 蒋晓放[1] 武文合 魏光升 朱荣[3] CHEN Zhaoping;TIAN Bohan;JIANG Xiaofang;WU Wenhe;WEI Guangsheng;ZHU Rong(Central Research Institute,Baoshan Iron and Steel Co.,Ltd.,Shanghai 201999,China;School of Materials Science and Engineering,Shanghai University,Shanghai 200444,China;School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]宝山钢铁股份有限公司中央研究院,上海201999 [2]上海大学材料科学与工程学院,上海200444 [3]北京科技大学冶金与生态工程学院,北京100083

出　　处：《钢铁》2024年第9期167-183,共17页Iron and Steel

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52293392);宝钢金苹果资助项目(A22YYLG805)。

摘　　要：钢铁工业是中国能源消耗和碳排放大户,发展能耗及碳排更少的电弧炉短流程炼钢,是钢铁工业实现“碳达峰、碳中和”的重要抓手,进一步推动电弧炉低碳高效智能冶炼已经成为整个钢铁行业面向未来转型发展的重要内容。分析并阐明了电弧炉低碳、高效、智能冶炼技术所存在的技术瓶颈,介绍了国内外相关工艺技术发展现状及宝钢湛江钢铁零碳示范线及宝钢电弧炉流程生产高品质钢的研究进展,并对电弧炉炼钢技术的未来发展方向进行了展望。截至目前,通过使用绿色原料与能源,降低能耗物耗,强化能量输入,促进熔池内的化学反应与开发相关工艺模型已有效提高电弧炉的低碳化、高效化、智能化水平;但仍然存在着诸多问题,如固态炉料熔化缓慢,终点钢水过氧化严重,钢中有害元素与残余元素难以有效脱除,能量利用效率普遍偏低,在线检测与控制手段缺乏,冶金反应机理尚不明晰等。在未来,随着电弧炉生产原料的多样化与设备的大型化,提高电弧炉能量效率,增强熔池搅拌效果,改良炉渣反应性与发泡性等单元技术的重要性应得到进一步重视,对电弧炉生产流程与配套装备的优化需要进一步推进,开发一系列检测技术和适用于绿色原料的生产模型,成为实现电弧炉低碳高效智能冶炼的重要目标。推动相关技术进步,实现大型电弧炉绿色高效低耗智能生产高品质钢是整个钢铁行业面向未来转型发展的必由之路。The iron and steel industry is a major energy consumer and carbon emitter in China.Developing electric arc furnace(EAF)steelmaking process is an important path to achieve carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals.Improving the EAF production efficiency is important for the developing of iron and steel industry.The technical bottleneck of low carbon,high efficiency and intelligent EAF steelmaking technologies are discussed,the development status of relevant technologies,the research progress of Baosteel Zhanjiang Steel zero carbon demonstration line and Baosteel EAF process to produce high-quality steel are introduced,and the future development direction of EAF steelmaking process is prospected.At present,production efficiency of EAF is increased by improving energy input,promoting chemical reactions,reducing energy and material consumption,carrying out solid waste recycling,and improving intelligence level.However,there are also a series of problems such as steel peroxide,ineffective removal of residual elements,low energy efficiency,lack of online detection and control methods,and unclear metallurgical reaction mechanisms.In the future,with the diversification of raw materials and the scaling up of EAF,the importance of improving energy efficiency,enhancing the stirring of the molten pool,improving the reactivity and foaming of slag and other technologies should be further emphasized.The optimization of related supporting equipment and the classification of scrap need to be further promoted.Replace manual operation and empirical judgment by advanced detection technologies and control models,can also help to improve production efficiency of EAF.Promoting the progress of related work and achieving efficient and low consumption production of high-quality steel in EAF is the only way for the iron and steel industry to transform and develop towards the future.

关 键 词：炼钢 电弧炉 低碳 高效 智能 

分 类 号：TF741.5[冶金工程—钢铁冶金]