故宫博物院藏观音捧杯图壁画的再修复  

The Re-restoration of a Temple Mural Collected in the Palace Museum

作　　者：马艺蓉[1] 李广华[2] 周倩[2] 巨建伟 马菲 张锟 张蕊[2] 雷勇[2] Ma Yirong;Li Guanghua;Zhou Qian

机构地区：[1]陕西历史博物馆 [2]故宫博物院

出　　处：《四川文物》2024年第5期114-120,共7页Sichuan Cultural Relics

摘　　要：观音捧杯图是故宫博物院收藏的一幅寺观揭取壁画,在长期存放过程中,发生断裂、变形、褪变色、颜料粉化、脱落等严重病害。故宫博物院与陕西历史博物馆通过馆院合作形式对其进行保护修复,项目组针对病害类型和泥质地仗的制作工艺特点,在壁画再修复过程中选择具有可兼容性的同类材料实施壁画的拼接与补全;借助软木板制作的过渡层,可以缓冲蜂窝铝板这类金属支撑体与泥质地仗之间的材料差异性,同时为壁画提供再修复时的可逆性保障;采用层位分辨方法,完成缺失处地仗层和颜料层的美学修复;配套制作无酸纸壁画收藏盒,为壁画的预防性保护及安全运输提供支持。这次修复践行了现代文物保护理念,最大限度真实、完整地保护壁画原有价值,并为同类型壁画的再修复、科学保护和有效利用提供参考。The Guanyin(Avalokitesvara)Holding Cup mural,a precious temple mural exfoliated from the original setting temple and collected by the Palace Museum,has suffered from serious damages during the long storage time,such as cracks,craquelure,scratch,flaking,deformation,fading,discoloration,pigment powdering,paint loss,punctate loss and peeling of pigments.Recognizing the urgency of its preservation,the Palace Museum collaborated with the esteemed Shaanxi History Museum to embark on the conservation and restoration of the mural.The project team,deeply versed in the intricacies of mural degradation and the unique characteristics of its clay plaster layer,painstakingly selected compatible materials for seamlessly splice and completion of the mural during the restoration process.Using a transition layer made of softwood board buffered the material differences between the metal support such as honeycomb aluminum plate and the clay plaster layer,and provided a guarantee of reversibility for the mural during restoration.By employing the stratigraphic differentiation method,the team not only aesthetically restored the missing base and pigment layers but also crafted an acid-free paper mural storage box,in order to support the mural's preventive conservation and facilitate its safe transportation.This restoration endeavor exemplifies the modern ideals of cultural heritage conservation,striving to preserve the mural's original value in its most authentic and complete form,thereby offering invaluable insights and guidelines for the restoration,scientific preservation and effective utilization of similar mural masterpieces worldwide.

关 键 词：壁画拼接 再修复 可兼容性 可逆性 预防性保护 

分 类 号：G264.3[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] K879.41