塔里木盆地深层碳酸盐岩缝洞型油藏精细地质建模技术  

Fine geological modelling technology for deep fractured-vuggy carbonate oil reservoirs in the Tarim Basin

作　　者：吕心瑞 孙建芳 李红凯 夏东领 邬兴威[1] 韩科龙 侯加根[2] LYU Xinrui;SUN Jianfang;LI Hongkai;XIA Dongling;WU Xingwei;HAN Kelong;HOU Jiagen(Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute,SINOPEC,Beijing 102206,China;China University of Petroleum(Beijing),Beijing 102249,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石化石油勘探开发研究院,北京102206 [2]中国石油大学(北京),北京102249

出　　处：《石油与天然气地质》2024年第5期1195-1210,共16页Oil & Gas Geology

基　　金：国家科技重大专项(2016ZX05014-002,2016ZX05014-002-004,2016ZX05053-003);中国石化科技攻关项目(ZDP17001,P18043,P20016,P21038-2)。

摘　　要：深层碳酸盐岩缝洞型储层受古地貌、构造及岩溶作用控制,储集体类型多样,尺度差异大,高度离散,非均质性极强,传统建模方法难以直接应用。以塔里木盆地塔河油田奥陶系碳酸盐岩储层为研究对象,针对此类油藏建模缺乏储集体发育模式指导、真实统计规律约束、缝洞结构模拟及优化算法等关键问题,攻关形成了以“成因分类、多元约束、多点统计”为核心的缝洞结构精细建模技术系列。在储集体结构表征、物性模拟和分类融合等方面构建5大特色技术,包括:(1)古暗河结构多点统计建模方法;(2)分区带多元约束断控岩溶建模方法;(3)成因控制表层岩溶协同模拟方法;(4)岩溶相控与等效计算相结合的物性模拟方法;(5)基于成因次序的分类模型融合及动态优化方法。缝洞型油藏地质建模实现了4个转变:(1)建模对象从储集体外部形态轮廓转向缝洞内部成因结构;(2)井间模拟实现了单一约束到多元控制;(3)建模方法由以地震雕刻为主发展为多学科协同表征;(4)建模工具由商业软件发展为与自研模块相结合的方式。结果表明:地质模型与实钻井符合率显著提升,支撑了15个单元的地质建模,覆盖地质储量1.5×108 t。模型应用于细化储量构成、油藏数值模拟和开发方案调整等,效果显著,为此类油藏剩余油挖潜和提高采收率措施制定奠定了地质基础。Deep fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs,shaped by paleogeomorphology,structures,and karstification,exhibit various types,significant scale differences,high discreteness,and extreme heterogeneity,making it difficult to immediately apply conventional modelling methods to these reservoirs.In this study,we investigate the Ordovician carbonate reservoirs in the Tahe oilfield.To deal with the key issues in modelling these reservoirs,including a lack of guidance on the reservoirs’developmental models,constraints from actual statistical laws,and the modelling and optimization algorithms of fracture-cave architectures,we develop a series of fine modelling techniques for the fracturevug architectures,which center on genetic classification,multiple constraints,and multi-point statistics.Regarding reservoir architecture characterization,physical property modelling,and multi-type model integration,we introduce five major distinctive techniques with great efforts,namely multiple-point statistical modelling for a subsurface paleo-river system,multi-constraint modelling for fault-controlled karst reservoirs under zoning,collaborative simulation for genesiscontrolled epikarst reservoirs,physical property simulation using karst facies control combined with equivalent calculation,and genetic sequence-based multi-type model integration and relevant dynamic optimization.The geological modelling of fractured-vuggy reservoirs has undergone four shifts:a shift in the modelling objects from external reservoir morphology to the internal geneses architecture of fractures,pores and caves,a shift in inter-well reservoir simulation from a single constraint to multiple control,a shift in modelling methods from the predominance of seismically sculptured geological modelling to multidisciplinary collaborative characterization,and a shift in modelling tools from merely commercial software to a combination of commercial software and independently developed modules.The results indicate that the techniques developed in this study can significant

关 键 词：古暗河系统 断控岩溶 表层岩溶 缝洞结构 精细地质建模 碳酸盐岩储层 深层-超深层 塔里木盆地 

分 类 号：TE122.3[石油与天然气工程—油气勘探]