塔里木盆地兰尕与和田河断裂带变形特征及成藏演化模式  

Deformation characteristics and hydrocarbon accumulation models of the Lan’ga and Hotan River fault zones in the Tarim Basin

作　　者：马海陇[1,2] 蒋林 丁文龙 韩鹏远[3] 王震 张长建[1,2] 文欢 丁立明[1,2] 李杰 MA Hailong;JIANG Lin;DING Wenlong;HAN Pengyuan;WANG Zhen;ZHANG Changjian;WEN Huan;DING Liming;LI Jie(Northwest Oil Field Company,SINOPEC,Xinjiang,Urumqi 830001,China;Key Laboratory for Enhanced Oil Recovery for Fractured-Vuggy Reservoirs,SINOPEC,Xinjiang,Urumqi 830001,China;School of Energy Resources,China University of Geosciences(Beijing),Beijing 100083,China;Key Laboratory of Marine Reservoir Evolution and Hydrocarbon Enrichment Mechanism(Ministry of Education),China University of Geosciences(Beijing),Beijing 100083,China;Key Laboratory of Shale Gas Resource Strategic Evaluation(Ministry of Land and Resources),China University of Geosciences(Beijing),Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石化西北油田分公司,新疆乌鲁木齐830001 [2]缝洞型油藏提高采收率重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐830001 [3]中国地质大学(北京)能源学院,北京100083 [4]中国地质大学(北京)海相储层演化与油气富集机理教育部重点实验室,北京100083 [5]中国地质大学(北京)页岩气资源战略评价国土资源部重点实验室,北京100083

出　　处：《石油与天然气地质》2024年第5期1259-1274,共16页Oil & Gas Geology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42372171,42072173)。

摘　　要：塔里木盆地中部发育北北东向—近南北向“半走滑-半逆冲”的“Y”字形逆冲滑脱断裂,其构造样式与邻区断裂差异较大,两侧断裂体系也不同,目前对其形成机制和构造演化特征的认识尚不清楚。通过对和田河与兰尕断裂带的构造解析,研究其形成机制与演化特征;通过与塔河油田兰尕断裂带油气成藏特征对比,分析和田河断裂带油气运移聚集特征。研究表明:兰尕及和田河半走滑-半逆冲的“Y”字型逆冲滑脱断裂带形成于加里东晚期,向下收敛为走滑断裂,向上逆冲至志留纪地层内,形成断背斜。区域地应力是这2条断裂带形成的主要原因。早奥陶世末,受西南、东南和北部3面应力作用,塔北隆起形成大规模北北东向和北北西向走滑断裂,巴楚隆起形成北北东向走滑断裂。加里东运动晚期,受东昆仑和南天山洋挤压作用,形成向下收敛为走滑断裂、向上逆冲至志留纪地层内的逆冲滑脱断裂,并切割走滑断裂,使逆冲断裂上盘走滑断裂再活动,形成的缝网规模及破碎程度远比下盘及其他区域大。在后期构造运动作用下,逆冲断裂带内走滑断裂继承发育,并错断逆冲断裂。兰尕断裂带内发育两种有利成藏模式:①主干北北东向走滑断裂横向交切上倾断溶体油气成藏模式;②油气沿次级北北东向走滑断裂分段富集的断溶体油气成藏模式。海西运动晚期,和田河构造带沿主干断裂充注的油气向次级北北东向走滑断裂控制的缝洞型储层侧向调整,发育断溶体油气藏,油气沿断裂带分段富集。因此,南部背斜区北北东向断溶体为有利勘探目标。A Y-shaped thrust-detachment fault striking NNE-near NS directions is developed in the middle of the Tarim Basin,composed of strike-slip for a half and thrust for another half.The fault exhibits significantly different structural style from those in adjacent areas and involve varying fault systems on both sides.However,its formation mechanisms and structural evolution remain unclear.In this study,we investigate the formation mechanisms and evolutionary characteristics with the structural analysis of the Hotan River and Lan’ga fault zones.Comparing the two fault zones in terms of the hydrocarbon accumulation characteristics in the Tahe oilfield,we delve into the characteristics of hydrocarbon migration and accumulation along the Hotan River fault zone.The results indicate that the Lan’ga and Hotan River fault zones are formed during the Late Caledonian,featuring a semi-strike-slip,semi-reverse-thrust Yshaped thrust-detachment structure.These fault zones converge downwards into strike-slip faults and thrust upwards into the Silurian strata,forming faulted anticlines.Regional in-situ stress is identified as the main cause of the formation of both fault zones.At the end of the Early Ordovician,large-scale NNE-and NNW-trending strike-slip faults were formed in the Tabei Uplift and NNE-trending strike-slip faults were formed in the Bachu Uplift due to stresses from the southwest,southeast,and north.During the Late Caledonian,thrust-detachment faults that converged downward into strike-slip faults and thrust upward to the Silurian strata were formed due to the compression from Eastern Kunlun Orogen and the South Tianshan Ocean,cutting through the strike-slip faults.Thus,those strike-slip faults in their hanging walls got reactivated.Consequently,their hanging walls exhibit more developed fracture networks and a higher degree of fracturing compared to their foot walls and other areas.As a result of late-stage tectonic movements,these strike-slip faults continue to develop in the thrust fault zones,which further dislo

关 键 词：断溶体 构造演化 成藏模式 和田河构造带 兰尕构造带 巴楚隆起 塔里木盆地 

分 类 号：TE122.3[石油与天然气工程—油气勘探]