美军空间侦察发展现状与趋势分析  

Development Status and Trends of Space Reconnaissance in the US Military

作　　者：夏兆宇 林玉洁[1] 宋豪壮 Xia Zhaoyu;Lin Yujie;Song Haozhuang(Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]北京理工大学,北京100081

出　　处：《航空兵器》2024年第5期25-33,共9页Aero Weaponry

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助(2023YFF0717400)。

摘　　要：空间侦察已经成为现代化作战体系的重要一环,是获取高技术战争制信息权继而掌握战场主动权的关键。以美军空间侦察体系为例,从空间光学成像侦察体系、空间雷达成像侦察体系、定轨空间信号侦察体系、变轨空间信号侦察体系等方面梳理其发展现状。结合美军运用实例,从中心网络、平战转换、联合监视、预先侦察4个方面分析其技术运用。从异构侦察网络协同技术、情报数据高速传输技术、高分辨率穿透成像技术、高精度目标定位技术4方面总结美军空间侦察关键技术。最后,从空间侦察卫星小型化、侦察网络平战联合化、侦察体系抗扰抗毁化、侦察情报一体共享化、情报处理决策智能化5个角度分析空间侦察发展趋势,为未来空间侦察体系建设、运用与发展提供参考。Space reconnaissance has become an important part of modernized combat system,and is the key to obtaining the information dominance in advanced technology warfare and then mastering the initiative on the battlefield.Taking the US military space reconnaissance system as an instance,this paper combs the development status from four aspects:space optical imaging reconnaissance system,space radar imaging reconnaissance system,stationary orbit space signal reconnaissance system and variable orbit space signal reconnaissance system.Combining with the application examples of the US military,it analyzes the technology utilization from the central network,peacetime-to-wartime transformation,joint spying and preliminary reconnaissance,and it summarizes the US military space reconnaissance technologies from four aspects:the collaborative technology of heterogeneous reconnaissance network,high-speed transmission technology of intelligence data,high-resolution penetrating imaging technology,high-precision target positioning technology.Finally,this paper analyzes the development trend of space reconnaissance from five aspects:the mi-niaturization of space reconnaissance satellites,integration of reconnaissance networks,anti-jamming and anti-destruction of reconnaissance systems,integration sharing of reconnaissance information and intelligentization of information analysis and decision making,so as to provide references for the construction,application and development of future space reconnaissance systems.

关 键 词：空间侦察体系 侦察卫星 异构网络协同 情报共享 高分辨率成像 作战体系 

分 类 号：TJ760[兵器科学与技术—武器系统与运用工程] V19[航空宇航科学与技术—人机与环境工程]