胰岛自身抗体检测方法及其在糖尿病中的应用  

Detection methods of islet autoantibodies and their application in diabetes mellitus

作　　者：陈雨露 顾愹[2] 陈阳[2] 杨涛[2] Chen Yulu;Gu Yong;Chen Yang;Yang Tao(Tianyuan Academy,Nanjing Medical University,Nanjing 211166,China;Department of Endocrinology,the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University,Nanjing 210029,China)

机构地区：[1]南京医科大学天元书院,南京211166 [2]南京医科大学第一附属医院内分泌科,南京210029

出　　处：《国际内分泌代谢杂志》2024年第5期289-293,329,共6页International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism

基　　金：江苏省高等学校大学生创新创业训练计划项目/南京医科大学大学生创新创业训练计划项目(202210312017Z);国家自然科学基金项目(81900708);湖南省三诺糖尿病公益基金会"甜蜜医生培育"项目(2021SD02)。

摘　　要：1型糖尿病(type 1 diabetes mellitus,T1DM)是一种以免疫介导的胰岛β细胞损伤为主的糖尿病,抗体检测技术通过检测特定抗体的存在和滴度,在T1DM的预防、诊断、风险分层和治疗与疗效评价方面发挥着重要作用。胰岛自身抗体检测的金标准是放射结合分析法(radio-binding assay,RBA)。常见抗体检测方法免疫印迹法(Western blot,WB)和酶联免疫吸附法(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)的敏感性和特异性有待提高。新出现的电化学发光法(electrochemiluminescence,ECL)有高灵敏度、高特异性、高通量的优势,具有广阔的临床应用前景。此外其他新抗体检测方法也发展迅速。由于各种检测方法阳性检出率、敏感性、特异性、适用性有所差异,需要选择合适的方法以及联合检测。随着科学研究的不断深入,抗体检测技术在糖尿病领域将发挥越来越重要的作用。现围绕糖尿病中抗体检测技术的相关内容,包括不同抗体检测技术的原理、应用、优势和局限性等方面进行阐述,为临床抗体检测方法的选择提供参考。Type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM)is primarily characterized by immune-mediated damage to isletβ-cells.Antibody detection techniques play a crucial role in the prevention,diagnosis,risk stratification,and treatment evaluation of T1DM by assessing the presence and titers of specific autoantibodies.The gold standard for islet autoantibody detection is the Radio-binding Assay(RBA).While common methods,such as Western Blot(WB)and Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay(ELISA),have been widely used,their sensitivity and specificity require improvement.Emerging techniques like Electrochemiluminescence(ECL)offer advantages of high sensitivity,specificity,and throughput,presenting promising clinical applications.Additionally,other novel antibody detection methods are rapidly developing.Given the variability in positive detection rates,sensitivity,specificity,and applicability among different methods,careful selection and combination of detection techniques are essential.As scientific research progresses,antibody detection technologies will increasingly contribute to advancements in diabetes management.This article will discuss various antibody detection methods,including their principles,applications,advantages,and limitations,providing a comparative basis for the selection of clinical antibody testing methods.

关 键 词：胰岛自身抗体 抗体检测技术 1型糖尿病 电化学发光法 

分 类 号：R587.1[医药卫生—内分泌]