长江口日本鳗鲡苗种资源保护与可持续利用研究  

Study on the conservation and sustainable utilization management of Auguilla japonica fry resources in the Yangtze River Estuary

作　　者：王敏 胡望娇 冯广朋[1] 庄平[1] 赵峰[1] 张涛[1] 王思凯[1] 杨刚[1] WANG Min;HU Wangjiao;FENG Guangpeng;ZHUANG Ping;ZHAO Feng;ZHANG Tao;WANG Sikai;YANG Gang(East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Fisheries Resources Enhancement and Ecological Restoration of the Yangtze Estuary,Shanghai 200090,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所,上海长江口渔业资源增殖和生态修复工程技术研究中心,上海200090

出　　处：《渔业信息与战略》2024年第3期165-173,共9页Fishery Information & Strategy

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题“湖泊-河口-岛礁”联动修复模式构建研究(2019YFD0901205);上海市科学技术委员会科研计划项目“新江心沙影响下长江口北支生境修复保护关键技术研究”(21DZ1201700);上海市科技兴农项目“长江口水生生物资源监测评估技术研究”(沪农科创字(2022)第2-1号)。

摘　　要：开展长江口日本鳗鲡(Anguilla japonica)苗种资源保护与可持续利用研究对于日本鳗鲡的保护和养殖产业发展具有重要现实意义。通过查阅文献资料、汇总渔业数据和实地调研座谈等方法,基于联合国粮食及农业组织和《中国渔业统计年鉴》相关数据,指出全球和中国的日本鳗鲡苗种资源都呈现衰退趋势,全球日本鳗鲡捕捞量从最高峰的超3000 t下降至如今的100余吨;长江口邻近水域的日本鳗鲡苗种捕捞量由2004年的24 t下降至当前的不足10 t。日本鳗鲡资源衰退的主要原因有水质污染、水利工程建设等。近年来,随着日本鳗鲡相关资源保护法规的颁布施行,日本鳗鲡苗种资源保护体制逐渐得到完善。最后,提出了推进长江口日本鳗鲡苗种资源保护和可持续利用的3方面建议:一是加强执法监管、控制捕捞强度;二是减少水域污染、开展亲体增殖;三是推进人工繁殖、强化资源监测。Research on the conservation and sustainable utilization of Anguilla japonica fry resources in the Yangtze River Estuary is of great practical significance for the conservation of A.japonica and the development of its aquaculture industry.Based on data from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations(FAO) and China Fisheries Statistical Yearbook,the paper points out that A.japonica fry resources in both the world and China are showing a declining trend,with the global catch of A.japonica declining from more than 3 000 t in 2004 to more than 100 t nowadays;the catch of A.japonica fry in waters adjacent to the Yangtze River Estuary has declined from 24 t in 2004 to more than 10 t nowadays.The main reasons for the decline of A.japonica resources include water quality pollution and water conservancy construction.In recent years,with the enactment of regulations on A.japonica resource protection,the system of A.japonica fry resource protection has been gradually improved.Finally,three recommendations are made to promote the conservation and sustainable utilization of A.japonica fry resources in the Yangtze River Estuary:first,strengthening law enforcement and supervision and controlling the fishing intensity;second,reducing the pollution of the waters and carrying out parental proliferation;and third,promoting artificial reproduction and strengthening the monitoring of the resources.

关 键 词：长江口 日本鳗鲡 苗种资源 可持续利用 

分 类 号：S937.0[农业科学—渔业资源]