疫木采伐迹地不同土壤管理措施的水肥流失阻控效果  

Effect of diverse soil management techniques on the mitigation of water and fertilizer loss in epidemic wood harvesting sites

作　　者：邹显花 李静凯 童浩 陈贵斌 姬绍晖 黄荣珍[1,2] ZOU Xianhua;LI Jingkai;TONG Hao;CHEN Guibin;JI Shaohui;HUANG Rongzhen(School of Water and Soil Conservation,Nanchang Institute of Technology,Nanchang,Jiangxi 330099,China;Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Intelligent Monitoring and Integrated Restoration of Watershed Ecosystem,Nanchang,Jiangxi 330099,China;Shuinan State-owned Forest Farm,Shaxian County,Fujian Province,Shaxian,Fujian 365500,China;Suburban State-owned Forest Farm,Sanming City,Fujian Province,Sanming,Fujian 365000,China)

机构地区：[1]南昌工程学院水土保持学院,江西南昌330099 [2]流域生态智能监测与综合治理江西省重点实验室,江西南昌330099 [3]福建省沙县水南国有林场,福建沙县365500 [4]福建省三明市郊国有林场,福建三明365000

出　　处：《森林与环境学报》2024年第6期561-570,共10页Journal of Forest and Environment

基　　金：江西省教育厅重点项目“马尾松林灾毁迹地水土流失阻控技术研究”(GJJ211901)。

摘　　要：为探究松材线虫灾毁迹地地表快速覆盖和有效控制坡面水肥流失的技术措施,运用径流小区定位观测的方法,分析比较生物膜(SWM)、防草布(FCB)覆盖和施用聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)等土壤管理措施对松材线虫灾毁迹地的径流、泥沙及养分流失量的阻控效果。结果表明:SWM-95%处理的泥沙流失阻控效果最佳,其养分流失量低于其他处理。SWM-67%处理的泥沙及养分流失量最高。FCB、PAM处理的水肥流失量在处理时间为90、180 d时均低于对照(CK),且PAM处理效果更优,95%-PAM处理的径流量和泥沙流失量在处理时间为90、180 d时分别比CK降低了52.1%、75.6%和71.7%、73.0%。PAM处理对氮、钾流失的阻控效果较优,而对泥沙流失中磷养分的阻控效果不佳。PAM处理的水肥流失阻控效果在处理时间为270 d时显著减弱,而FCB处理的阻控效果仍优于其他处理,且表现为95%处理梯度>67%处理梯度。对林地土壤养分含量进行比较分析,不同土壤管理措施处理的养分含量总体上均高于CK,其中,SWM-67%处理的全磷、速效磷含量显著高于其他处理(P<0.05),PAM、FCB处理则对氮、钾的全量与速效养分有较好的保持作用。此外,不同土壤管理措施处理均促进了新造林杉木树高的生长,其中FCB、PAM处理效果更优。综合可见,在松材线虫灾毁迹地,可采用95%-PAM处理,使裸露地表的水土流失短期内得到快速有效控制,对于立地条件要求较高的林地可采取95%-PAM处理与67%-FCB处理相结合的方式,在节约成本的同时达到最优效果。To investigate the effective technical measures for rapid surface cover and effective control of slope erosion in forest sites damaged by Bursaphelenchus xylophilus,this study used runoff plot location observations to compare runoff,sediment,and nutrient loss in pine wilt-damaged sites under different soil management conditions,including biodegradable films(SWM),weed-proof films(FCB),and polyacrylamide(PAM).The results demonstrated that the SWM-95%treatment exhibited the most effective sediment loss control,with considerably lower nutrient loss in runoff and sediments than other treatments conversely,the SWM-67%treatment exhibited a significantly higher loss of sediment and nutrients than the other treatments.The control effects of runoff,sediment,and nutrient loss in the FCB and PAM treatments were superior to those of the other treatments at both 90 and 180 d.Furthermore,losses in both treatments were lower than those in the CK treatment.The PAM treatment exhibited the most favorable outcomes,with runoff and sediment loss in the PAM-95%treatment demonstrating 52.16%,75.6%and 71.7%,73.0%reductions,respectively,in comparison with the CK treatment at 90 and 180 d.Nevertheless,the controlling effects of the PAM treatment on different nutrients exhibited varying outcomes.Its impact on N and K losses was more pronounced,whereas the impact of P nutrient loss on sediment loss was less pronounced.Furthermore,the control effect of PAM on runoff,sediment,and nutrient loss decreased significantly after 270 d.Contrarily,the control effect on water and soil loss and total and available nutrient loss was still superior in the FCB treatment compared to the other treatments,with a control effect of 95%>67%.A comparison of the nutrient contents of the Chinese fir-afforested land with those of the SWM,FCB and PAM treatments revealed that the total N,P,and K contents were overall higher than those of the CK treatment.The total soil P and available P of the SWM-67%treatment in different soil layers were significantly higher than th

关 键 词：松材线虫 灾毁迹地 地表土壤管理 聚丙烯酰胺 防草布 生物膜 水土流失 

分 类 号：S157.2[农业科学—土壤学]