网约车平台开放策略及其效率研究  

Research on Ride-hailing Platform’s Open Platform Strategy and Its Efficiency Analysis

作　　者：刘洋[1] 邓前前 樊治平[3] 张琦 iu Yang;Deng Qianqian;Fan Zhiping;Zhang Qi(School of Economics and Management,Dalian University of Technology,Liaoning Dalian 116024,China;School of Business,Central South University,Hunan Changsha 410083,China;School of Business Administration,Northeastern University,Liaoning Shenyang 110169,China)

机构地区：[1]大连理工大学经济管理学院,辽宁大连116024 [2]中南大学商学院,湖南长沙410083 [3]东北大学工商管理学院,辽宁沈阳110169

出　　处：《中国管理科学》2024年第9期82-92,共11页Chinese Journal of Management Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(72031002,72171034)。

摘　　要：针对我国一些城市出现的网约车平台实施开放平台策略的现象,考虑一个在位网约车平台和一个新进网约车平台,分别构建两个平台在竞争模式和合作模式下的利润模型,研究了两种模式对平台最优利润的影响,进而分析了在位平台实施开放平台策略的条件,并对两种模式下的社会福利进行对比分析。研究结果表明:1)当在位平台为实施开放平台策略付出的一次性投资成本和新进平台为接入开放平台付出的一次性投资成本都较低时,或只下载了在位平台APP的乘客潜在市场规模较大时,在位平台在合作模式下的利润较高,应实施开放平台策略;反之,在位平台在竞争模式下的利润较高,应不实施开放平台策略。2)平台以自身利润最大化为目标实施的决策结果与以社会福利最大化为目标的决策结果不总是保持一致,政府应对平台予以适当的干预。In recent years,the open platform strategy has been adopted by the incumbent ride-hailing platform in some cities in China,i.e.,passengers can select the services provided by the drivers from the new ride-hailing platform through the incumbent ride-hailing platform’s APP.It is an important research topic whether the incumbent ride-hailing platform should adopt the open platform strategy with respect to different market environments in different cities.In this paper,a transportation system with an incumbent ride-hailing platform and a new ride-hailing platform is considered,where the supplement of the incumbent ride-hailing platform’s drivers are not sufficient and the new ride-hailing platform’s drivers are sufficient.The models for maximizing profits of the incumbent platform and the new platform are constructed with regard to the competition mode(the incumbent platform does not adopt the open platform strategy or the new platform does not join the open platform)and cooperation mode(the incumbent platform adopt the open platform strategy and the new platform joins in).Then,by solving the models,the optimal prices of the two platforms under competition mode and cooperation mode are obtained.Further,by comparing the profits of platforms under different modes,the optimal strategy of the incumbent platform and the new platform is analyzed under different market scenarios.On this basis,how several factors affect optimal prices,demands,supplies,and profits of the two platforms is examined.Finally,some numerical studies are conducted to show the impacts of passenger market size and different optimal strategies on social welfare.Several important results are shown through the theoretical analysis.First,if the one-off investment cost of the incumbent platform and that of the new platform are both low,or the incumbent platform’s potential market size is large,the profit of the incumbent platform under cooperation mode is higher than that under competition mode,then the incumbent platform should adopt the open plat

关 键 词：网约车平台 开放平台 投资成本 市场规模 社会福利 

分 类 号：C931[经济管理—管理学] F274