基于链与链竞争的最优专利许可策略选择  

Patent Licensing Strategy Selection in the Presence of Chain-to-Chain Competition

作　　者：何浩嘉 艾兴政[1] 唐华 郭松波 He Haojia;Ai Xingzheng;Tang Hua;Guo Songbo(School of Economics and Management,University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,Chengdu 611731,China)

机构地区：[1]电子科技大学经济与管理学院,四川成都611731

出　　处：《中国管理科学》2024年第9期142-153,共12页Chinese Journal of Management Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(72072022);国家社会科学基金重大项目(20&ZD084)。

摘　　要：本文针对两条分别由一个供应商和一个专有制造商组成的竞争性供应链,研究供应链最优专利许可策略选择及其影响问题。作为专利持有者,供应商可选择以制造商产品销售价格的百分比(基于产品的策略)或以组件批发价格的百分比(基于组件的策略)向制造商进行专利许可。两竞争制造商生产销售可替代产品,但其生产成本有异质性。制造商在获得授权后可使用专利降低生产成本。研究表明,供应链参与者对许可策略的偏好取决于竞争强度、相对成本差异和单位许可费的综合影响。供应商均采用基于产品的策略可能成为其自身的占优策略,但该策略不能受到全体成员的青睐。然而,基于产品的策略并不总会损害被许可方的利益,特定情形下,低效制造商所在供应链的供应商基于组件进行技术授权,同时高效制造商所在供应链的供应商基于产品进行技术授权,该策略组合会使全体供应商和制造商实现共赢。Commercial practice shows that core component suppliers with patents usually use two ways to calculate patent licensing fees.The first is based on the percentage of the product's sales price.The other is based on the percentage of the wholesale price of core components.The argument about patent licensing strategy is mainly since the patentee wants to get more benefits through patent licensing,while the licensee wants to use the patent with less return.Therefore,when enterprises are in a monopoly position in their respective markets,suppliers tend to choose licenses based on product price,while manufacturers prefer licenses based on component price.Although the supplier with several standard patents is in a leading position in technology,it will not become a complete monopolist in its market.For example,Qualcomm faces potential competitors such as HiSilicon and Samsung.In addition,with the development of global economic integration,competition no longer occurs between enterprises but between supply chains.Therefore,it is necessary to integrate the elements of the competitive supply chain into the licensing decision of enterprises,and such research is still lacking.Thus,it aims to study the supplier's optimal patent licensing strategy selection in the presence of chain-to-chain competition.In this paper,for two competitive supply chains composed of one supplier and one proprietary manufacturer,the optimal patent licensing strategy selection and its influence are studied.As a patent holder,the supplier can license the patent to the manufacturer with the percentage of the selling price of the manufacturer's products(product-based strategy)or the percentage of the wholesale price of components(component-based strategy).Two competing manufacturers produce and sell homogeneous products,but their production costs are heterogeneous.After licenses,manufacturers can use patents to reduce production costs.The research shows that,firstly,the licensing strategy preference of supply chain participants depends on factors such as

关 键 词：竞争供应链 专利许可策略 STACKELBERG博弈 纳什均衡 

分 类 号：F203[经济管理—国民经济]