用于电催化硝酸盐还原的铜基催化剂  

Cu-Based Catalysts for Electrocatalytic Nitrate Reduction

作　　者：林长征 朱金薇 李潍嘉 陈浩[1] 冯江涛[1] 延卫[1] Changzheng Lin;Jinwei Zhu;Weijia Li;Hao Chen;Jiangtao Feng;Wei Yan(School of Energy and Power Engineering,Xi'an Jiaotong University,Xi'an 710049,China;Shaanxi Electrical Apparatus Research Institute,Xi'an 710025,China)

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学能源与动力工程学院,西安710049 [2]陕西电器研究所,西安710025

出　　处：《化学进展》2024年第9期1291-1303,共13页Progress in Chemistry

基　　金：云南省新能源材料创新联合体项目(No.202302AB080018)资助。

摘　　要：近年来,电催化硝酸盐还原(ENitRR)在常温常压合成氨中受到广泛关注,与传统的Haber-Bosch合成氨工艺相比,ENit RR的能耗更低,反应条件更温和。ENitRR电催化剂的合理设计和优化对于硝酸盐脱氧和加氢至关重要。铜基催化材料凭借其特殊结构、低成本和优异的催化性能,通过各种形态和电子结构的调节策略,近年来成为极具前景的电催化剂。为了进一步探索这一领域的新可能性,本文以铜基电催化剂的合理调控为典型实例,总结了有效提高ENit RR产氨率和转化效率的设计策略。在介绍ENit RR反应机理的基础上,总结了改变Cu基电催化剂的结构和性能的6种策略,即形貌调制、合金工程、晶面调控、单原子结构、铜化合物和其他材料复合的构建,并讨论了催化剂调制与相应ENit RR性能之间的关系。最后,提出了基于铜基电催化剂的ENitRR面临的挑战和未来应该关注的研究方向,以期为从事水体硝酸盐电化学处理的研究人员提供一定的参考和启发。In recent years,electrocatalytic nitrate reduction(ENitRR) has attracted considerable attention in the synthesis of ammonia at ambient conditions.Compared to the traditional Haber-Bosch process for ammonia synthesis,ENitRR offers lower energy consumption and milder reaction conditions.The design and optimization of ENitRR electrocatalysts are crucial for nitrate deoxygenation and hydrogenation.Copper-based catalytic materials have been widely studied due to their unique structure,low cost,and excellent performance,making them highly promising electrocatalysts through various morphology and electronic structure modulation strategies.This article summarizes various effective design strategies using copper-based electrocatalysts as a typical example to enhance the ammonia production rate and conversion efficiency in ENitRR.It also introduces the reaction mechanism and the relationship between structural changes in Cu-based electrocatalysts and their performance.These strategies include morphology modulation,alloy engineering,lattice phase tuning,single-atom structures,as well as copper compound construction and composites with other materials.Finally,challenges faced by copper-based electrocatalysts are discussed along with future research directions that should be focused on in order to provide reference for researchers engaged in nitrate treatment in aqueous systems.

关 键 词：铜基催化剂 电催化 硝酸盐还原 设计策略 

分 类 号：O643.3[理学—物理化学]