污水制氢的现状与未来  

THE PRESENT AND FUTURE OF HYDROGEN PRODUCTION FROM WASTEWATER

作　　者：朱英杰 杨丹卉 周方鹤 付鹏波 杨强[2] 吕文杰 刘博 汪华林 ZHU Yingjie;YANG Danhui;ZHOU Fanghe;FU Pengbo;YANG Qiang;LU Wenjie;LIU Bo;WANG Hualin(National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Wastewater Treatment,School of Resources and Environmental Engineering,East China University of Science and Technology,Shanghai 200237,China;School of Mechanical and Power Engineering,East China University of Science and Technology,Shanghai 200237,China)

机构地区：[1]华东理工大学资源与环境工程学院高浓度难降解有机废水处理技术国家工程实验室,上海200237 [2]华东理工大学机械与动力工程学院,上海200237

出　　处：《环境工程》2024年第9期13-28,共16页Environmental Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(52400080)。

摘　　要：氢能是未来国家能源体系的重要组成部分,是战略性新兴产业重点发展方向。开发绿色环保的制氢技术是构建国家未来氢能体系、实现“双碳”目标的重要支撑。然而,目前主流的可再生能源电解水制氢技术,对水质要求极高,需消耗大量清洁水源,存在“资源-能源”不平衡的问题。从污水中制备绿氢,可同步解决废水处理及水制氢淡水消耗两大问题,是实现污水处理过程中碳中和的理想策略。从原理、装备及工艺角度,系统综述了污水制氢技术的现状与挑战,分析了当前通过生化和膜过滤等预处理与电解相结合的工艺在污水制氢中的工程化应用。同时,重点探讨了旋流技术与污水电解制氢的创新整合路径。通过引入旋流技术,强化传质与流场控制,可实现污水电解过程中高效、低能耗的氢气产出,开创污水资源化利用与清洁能源生产的多赢局面。Hydrogen energy is an important part of the future national energy system and a key development direction for strategic emerging industries,and developing green and environmentally friendly hydrogen production technology is an important support for building China's future hydrogen energy system and realizing the Dual-Carbon Goal.However,the current mainstream renewable energy technology of hydrogen production from electrolyzed water has very high requirements on water quality,consumes a large amount of clean water,and causes an imbalance in resources and energy.The preparation of green hydrogen from wastewater can simultaneously solve the two major problems of wastewater treatment and freshwater consumption for hydrogen production,which is an ideal strategy to achieve carbon neutrality in wastewater treatment.In this paper,the current status and challenges of wastewater hydrogen production technology are systematically reviewed from the perspectives of principle,equipment,and process,and the current engineering application of combined pretreatment and electrolysis through biochemical and membrane filtration in wastewater hydrogen production is analyzed.At the same time,this paper summarized the innovative integration path of cyclone technology and wastewater electrolysis for hydrogen production.Through the engaging of cyclone technology and the enhancement of mass transfer and flow field control,high efficiency and low energy consumption of hydrogen output in the process of sewage electrolysis can be realized,which will create a win-win situation for resource utilization of sewage and production of clean energy.

关 键 词：污水制氢 工艺装备 电解 光催化 生物处理 压电催化 

分 类 号：TQ116.2[化学工程—无机化工] X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]